Electronic and Crystal Structure of New CrZrSe Intercalation Compounds.

New intercalation compounds CrZrSe were synthesized and thoroughly studied. Cr atoms were found to occupy the positions both tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated by the Se atoms in the interlayer gap. The magnetic properties and electrical resistivity were studied in the temperature ranges of 2.

Magnetocaloric effect and magnetic ordering in GdFeTSi, T = Cr, V, Ni.

The intermetallic compounds GdFeCrSi, = 0-0.8, GdFeVSi, = 0-0.4, and GdFeNiSi, = 0-0.

Surface Functionalization of Biomedical Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy by Liquid Metal Dealloying.

Surface functionalization is an effective approach to change the surface properties of a material to achieve a specific goal such as improving the biocompatibility of the material. Here, the surface of the commercial biomedical Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was functionalized through synthesizing of a porous surface layer by liquid metal dealloying (LMD). During LMD, the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy is immersed in liquid magnesium (Mg) and both materials react with each other.

Titanium Dichalcogenides as Nanoreactors for Magnetic High-Anisotropy Phases.

Composite single crystals consisting of nanoscaled FeSe inclusions encapsulated into the interlayer space of TiSe matrix were obtained by the decay of homogeneous FeTiSe intercalation compound. These composites have a high magnetic anisotropy due to the coherent bond between inclusions and the host lattice of TiSe. The influence of selenium pressure over the composite surface on the composition of the inclusions is studied, and the possibility of controlling their content is demonstrated.

Composition optimization of low modulus and high-strength TiNb-based alloys for biomedical applications.

The effect of chemical composition on microstructure and tensile properties of a series of low modulus Ti-Nb-Cu-Ni-Al alloys was studied. These alloys consist of primary micrometer-sized β-Ti dendrites surrounded by intermetallic phases. The morphology of the intermetallic phases is strongly affected by composition.

Layer-preferential substitutions and magnetic properties of pyrrhotite-type Fe7-yMyX8 chalcogenides (X = S, Se; M = Ti, Co).

A comparative study of four series of pyrrhotite-type chalcogenide compounds Fe(7-y)M(y)X(8) (X = S, Se) with substitution of Ti or Co for iron has been performed by means of x-ray and neutron powder diffraction, and by magnetization measurements. In Fe(7-y)M(y)X(8) compounds having a ferrimagnetic order at y = 0, the substitution of either Ti or Co for iron is observed to result in a monotonous decrease of the magnetic ordering temperature, while the resultant magnetization shows a non-monotonous behavior with a minimum around y = 1.0-1.

Magnetic order, field-induced phase transitions and magnetoresistance in the intercalated compound Fe0.5TiS2.

Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, electrical resistivity and neutron diffraction have been performed for the compound Fe(0.5)TiS(2) in which Fe atoms are intercalated between S-Ti-S tri-layers. It has been shown that this compound with a monoclinic crystal structure exhibits an antiferromagnetic (AF) ground state below the Néel temperature T(N) ≈ 140 K.

[On the effect of centrifugal force upon antitumor resistance of organism].

The influence of the centrifugal force of 2 g combined with attendant factors, such as noise and electromagnetic field (in all ten exposures, 5 min each, at three- to four-day intervals), on tumor growth in C57Bl/6 mice has been studied. It was shown that the combined treatment leads to an enhancement of carcinogenesis. Increasing the centrifugal force to 3 g and the duration of exposure to 15 and 30 min increases the antitumor resistance of the organism and the life-span.

[Inertial forces during muscle contractions as a factor compensating for the insufficiency of gravitation influence].

An idea has been advanced that inertial forces emerging during active movements are able to compensate for the deficiency of weight. The idea is based on the conception that these forces are by their effect on biological objects analogous to gravity forces. Training facilities have been developed, and tentative estimations have been made.

[The effect of low-energy laser radiation and interferon to delay chemical carcinogenesis].

A significant delay in benz(A)pyrene-induced tumorigenesis was obtained following three series of parenteral injection of xenogenic leukocytic interferon alternating with irradiation at 3-4 day intervals. Radiation was delivered from a red low-energy laser through a puncture in the peritoneal wall of the spleen. When each of said procedures was performed separately similar effects were recorded but the changes were not significant.

[Effect of the combined use of BCG, PPD, a protein-containing preparation from allogenic tissue and cyclophosphamide in the development of methylcholanthrene-induced tumors].

The organism resistance to the appearance of 20-methylcholanthrene-induced tumours may be enhanced by application of different immunologic factors (BCG, PPD, low-molecular allogenic protein) in combination with a single administration of cyclophosphane (CPh). The positive effect was observed both when CPh was applied prior to the immunologic impact (3 or 7 days before) and after it (3 or 8 days later). In the last case the effect was more stable.

[Changes in resistance to tumor development in various strains of mice exposed to immunologic agents during the neonatal period].

In the course of exposures to the immunological agents (BCG, complete Freund's adjuvant) during the postnatal period, the resistance to tumor development induced with chemical carcinogens was found to increase in C57BL/6 mice, particularly in BALB/c and random-bred ones; meanwhile in C3H/He mice it declined. At the same time C3H/He mice showed a decrease in the resistance to the development of spontaneous tumors of the mammary glands. The changes recorded correlated with those seen in the immunocompetent organs.

[Certain features of the immune response in the presence of a tumor process].

Animal experiments have shown that in the presence of tumor growth immunological stimuli can produce shifts in some reactivity characteristics of the affected organism, which are the reverse of the shifts occurring in a healthy organism under similar conditions. This is attributed to the fact that the immunological stimulus used in these experiments (complete Freund adjuvant) was excessively strong for the affected organism, thus causing the suppression of certain components of reactivity instead of their stimulation. This mechanism is supposed to induce the suppression of the ptocesses lying at the basis of enhanced tumor growth; nevertheless, this suppression is not considered to have a significant positive effect.

[Resistance of BCG-vaccinated body to tumor growth after administration of cyclophosphamide and desensitization].

It was shown that tumor growth is intensifying as a result of tumor cell implantation not only in early sensitization of BCG-vaccinated organism (see previously published data) but at the later period as well. Cyclophosphan removed this effect whereas desensitization carried out against the background of cyclophosphan action restored it. The data on the relationship between tuberculin allergy and the state of immunological defence reactions of the body suggest the possibility of stimulation of tumor growth as well as of its inhibition.

[Changes in the resistance of different strains of mice to tumor development in the presence of immunologic responses].

The experiments on adult mice of varions breed lines have shown that direction of change of the resistance to cancer under conditions of the same immunological influence can be determined by genetic properties of an organism. The author believes that it is worthy of attention that anticancer resistance decreases only in that lines of mice in which was observed some predisposition to appearing of condition of allergy to tuberculine, as it was shown in experiments using the full adjuvant of Freund.

[History of the foundation of the Moscow P.A. Gertsen Research Institute of Oncology].

The Moscow Oncology Institute was opened on November 18 (December 1) 1903 and named "Institute for Treatment of Malignant Tumors at Moscow University". With the lapse of time this name was changed several times. In 1947 it was named after a prominent Soviet surgeon P.

[Antitumor resistance in depositing Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs of rats].

In the experiments on rats of "Wistar" line and non-inbred rats the author has demonstrated that the inflammatory process in the lungs induced by non-virulent mycobacteria of BCG strain is able to decrease the organism resistance to the occurrence of chemically induced tumors. Desensibilization with PPD prior to the appearance of tumors would contribute to restoration of their antitumor resistance.

[Changes in resistance to the tumor process subserved by the presence of a focus of tuberculosis mycobacteria in the lungs].

Tumours were induced in rats with the aid of 20-methylcholantrene. Preliminary (11 to 13 days before) administration into the lung tissue of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in the composition of the water-oil emulsion decreased the animal resistance to the tumour origination. This effect is supposed to be caused by an intensification of the autoimmune processes as a result of mycobacteria administration.