Cost minimization in a full-scale conventional wastewater treatment plant: associated costs of biological energy consumption versus sludge production.

Energy consumption and sludge production minimization represent rising challenges for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The goal of this study is to investigate how energy is consumed throughout the whole plant and how operating conditions affect this energy demand. A WWTP based on the activated sludge process was selected as a case study.

Spatial Distribution of Eukaryotic Communities Using High-Throughput Sequencing Along a Pollution Gradient in the Arsenic-Rich Creek Sediments of Carnoulès Mine, France.

Microscopic eukaryotes play a key role in ecosystem functioning, but their diversity remains largely unexplored in most environments. To advance our knowledge of eukaryotic microorganisms and the factors that structure their communities, high-throughput sequencing was used to characterize their diversity and spatial distribution along the pollution gradient of the acid mine drainage at Carnoulès (France). A total of 16,510 reads were retrieved leading to the identification of 323 OTUs after normalization.

Diversity and geochemical structuring of bacterial communities along a salinity gradient in a carbonate aquifer subject to seawater intrusion.

In aquifers subject to saline water intrusion, the mixing zone between freshwater and saltwater displays strong physico-chemical gradients. Although the microbial component of these specific environments has been largely disregarded, the contribution of micro-organisms to biogeochemical reactions impacting water geochemistry has previously been conjectured. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare bacterial community diversity and composition along a vertical saline gradient in a carbonate coastal aquifer using high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.

Diversity and spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial communities: physicochemical and other drivers along an acid mine drainage.

Deciphering the biotic and abiotic factors that control microbial community structure over time and along an environmental gradient is a pivotal question in microbial ecology. Carnoulès mine (France), which is characterized by acid waters and very high concentrations of arsenic, iron, and sulfate, provides an excellent opportunity to study these factors along the pollution gradient of Reigous Creek. To this end, biodiversity and spatiotemporal distribution of bacterial communities were characterized using T-RFLP fingerprinting and high-throughput sequencing.

A gene expression and pre-mRNA splicing signature that marks the adenoma-adenocarcinoma progression in colorectal cancer.

It is widely accepted that most colorectal cancers (CRCs) arise from colorectal adenomas (CRAs), but transcriptomic data characterizing the progression from colorectal normal mucosa to adenoma, and then to adenocarcinoma are scarce. These transition steps were investigated using microarrays, both at the level of gene expression and alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Many genes and exons were abnormally expressed in CRAs, even more than in CRCs, as compared to normal mucosae.

VEGFR1 and NRP1 endothelial expressions predict distant relapse after radical prostatectomy in clinically localized prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer can usually be treated at a clinically localized stage by radical prostatectomy. Unfortunately, within 10 years following surgery, 30% of patients experience local or distant relapse. Few data exist on the association of markers of angiogenesis and distant relapse after radical prostatectomy.

[Urinary continence following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: qualitative analysis].

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to report urinary continence after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) for localised prostate cancer and the return to baseline rate for urinary continence. The minor purpose was to determine the risk factors, which influence return to baseline urinary continence after radical prostatectomy.

Methods: Prospective evaluation of urinary continence with self-administered questionnaire in 300 consecutive LRP for localized prostate cancer.

Archaeal diversity: temporal variation in the arsenic-rich creek sediments of Carnoulès Mine, France.

The Carnoulès mine is an extreme environment located in the South of France. It is an unusual ecosystem due to its acidic pH (2-3), high concentration of heavy metals, iron, and sulfate, but mainly due to its very high concentration of arsenic (up to 10 g L⁻¹ in the tailing stock pore water, and 100-350 mg L⁻¹ in Reigous Creek, which collects the acid mine drainage). Here, we present a survey of the archaeal community in the sediment and its temporal variation using a culture-independent approach by cloning of 16S rRNA encoding genes.

Trends in incidence, management, and survival of gastric and cardia carcinomas in the area of Finistere (France) between 1984 and 2003.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in incidence and prognosis of gastric and cardia carcinomas in the area of Finistère (France) between 1984 and 2003.

Methods: The Digestive Tumor Registry of Finistère recorded all new cases of gastric and cardia carcinomas from January 1, 1984 to December 31, 2003. Raw incidence data were standardized using the direct method based on the reference world population.

Characterization of the active bacterial community involved in natural attenuation processes in arsenic-rich creek sediments.

Acid mine drainage of the Carnoulès mine (France) is characterized by acid waters containing high concentrations of arsenic and iron. In the first 30 m along the Reigous, a small creek draining the site, more than 38% of the dissolved arsenic was removed by co-precipitation with Fe(III), in agreement with previous studies, which suggest a role of microbial activities in the co-precipitation of As(III) and As(V) with Fe(III) and sulfate. To investigate how this particular ecosystem functions, the bacterial community was characterized in water and sediments by 16S rRNA encoding gene library analysis.

High preoperative serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels predict poor clinical outcome after curative resection of gastric cancer.

Background: Tumour vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumour urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are prognostic factors in gastric cancer but surgical specimens are required for testing. The prognostic value of preoperative serum VEGF (s-VEGF) and serum uPA (s-uPA) levels was evaluated in patients undergoing potentially curative (R0) gastric cancer resection.

Methods: Concentrations of s-VEGF and s-uPA were measured 97 patients with gastric cancer and 20 controls.

Use of positron emission tomography in surgery follow-up of esophageal cancer.

Introduction: Although the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer has been improved by extended dissection, the incidence of recurrence still remains high. In esophageal cancer, positron emission tomography (PET) using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) already demonstrated to be useful for initial staging and monitoring response to therapy. This prospective study compared the ability of FDG-PET and conventional imaging to detect early recurrence of esophageal cancer after initial surgery in asymptomatic patients.

Prognostic value of initial fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in esophageal cancer: a prospective study.

Objectives: Esophageal cancer outcome greatly depends on the pathological stage. Our objectives were to assess prognosis on the basis of the initial fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET scan, focusing on the correlation between overall survival and FDG uptake in the primary, as well as the presence of FDG-positive lymph nodes or distant metastases.

Methods: Fifty-two esophageal cancer patients undergoing FDG-PET as part of initial routine staging procedure before treatment were included.

The relationship between domestic violence and animal abuse: an Australian study.

Several North American studies have found a connection between domestic violence and animal abuse. This article reports on the first Australian research to examine this connection. A group of 102 women recruited through 24 domestic violence services in the state of Victoria and a nondomestic violence comparison group (102 women) recruited from the community took part in the study.

Positive VEGF immunostaining independently predicts poor prognosis in curatively resected gastric cancer patients: results of a study assessing a panel of angiogenic markers.

Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contribute to gastric cancer aggressiveness by up-regulating the expression of proteases. We evaluated the expression and the prognostic significance of angiogenic factors and proteases in 148 patients with R0-resected gastric cancer. Expression of VEGF, Ang-2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and -9 were assayed by immunohistochemistry.

Prevalence and topography of intestinal metaplasia in columnar lined esophagus.

Objectives: Barrett's mucosa is considered as a mosaic of three epithelial types but little is known about the topography of intestinal metaplasia in columnar lined esophagus. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia within long and short segments of columnar lined esophagus and to analyze the distribution of the intestinal metaplasia within long segments of Barrett's esophagus.

Patients And Methods: The study was performed on the initial endoscopy carried out among 112 patients enrolled in an endoscopic surveillance program.

Diffuse EGFR staining is associated with reduced overall survival in locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell cancer.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (SCCO) is still a pathology of bad prognosis. Specific therapies are now developed against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, c-kit receptor (CD117), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and p53 protein. This study was aimed at assessing their expression in a large series of SCCO, as well as their potential therapeutic interest in this pathology.

[Mycobacterium marinum tenosynovitis of the abductors].

Introduction: Infection with Mycobacterium marinum is rare and usually produces cutaneous lesions. We report here two cases of tenosynovitis of abductor muscles.

Case: The first case presented isolated involvement of the abductors of the left thumb, and the second the abductors of the middle finger.

Testicular adrenal rest tumours in salt wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia (in vivo and in vitro studies).

We describe the case of a 20-year-old patient with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) related to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Bilateral craggy testicular tumours were found, requiring histological evaluation. Prior to the surgical procedure, the patient was treated with dexamethasone (he presented cortisol deficiency) and was stimulated with ACTH.

p53 and VEGF expression are independent predictors of tumour recurrence and survival following curative resection of gastric cancer.

This study was undertaken to determine the value of tumour microvessel density (MVD) and the expression of p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as prognostic markers in patients with gastric cancer operated on for cure. In all, 156 patients with curatively resected gastric cancer constituted the basis of this blinded retrospective evaluation. Patients were treated with either surgery alone (n=53) or surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy (n=103).

[Muscle-localized tumorlike polyarteritis nodosa].

Introduction: Systemic vasculitis presenting as a tumorlike lesion are unusual and affect mainly the uro-genital system and breast. Muscle-localized tumorlike periarteritis nodosa are scarce.

Exegesis: We report localized tumorlike polyarteritis nodosa affecting the forearm muscles in a 90-year-old woman.

[Ligneous conjunctivitis: a case report].

We report a case of ligneous conjunctivitis in a young patient and we describe the clinical findings and the histological aspects of the lesions, which allows us to sum up the treatment of this rare disorder. We recommend the use of topical ciclosporine, heparin, and corticosteroids. To conclude we analyse the different way in which the disease can evolue.

Infrequent p16/CDKN2 alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 9 and p16 (MTS1/CDKN2) gene mutations have been reported in various human cancers. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of LOH in 100 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) by typing microsatellite loci and mutations of the p16 gene. The methods used included denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA sequencing of exon 2.