Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in Poultry Farming.

Increasing bacterial resistance to quinolone antibiotics is apparent in both humans and animals. For humans, a potential source of resistant bacteria may be animals or their products entering the human food chain, for example poultry. Between July 2013 and September 2014, samples were collected and analyzed in the Moravian regions of the Czech Republic to isolate the bacterium Escherichia coli.

Characteristics of Quinolone Resistance in Isolates from Humans, Animals, and the Environment in the Czech Republic.

is a common commensal bacterial species of humans and animals that may become a troublesome pathogen causing serious diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize the quinolone resistance phenotypes and genotypes in isolates of different origin from one area of the Czech Republic. isolates were obtained from hospitalized patients and outpatients, chicken farms, retailed turkeys, rooks wintering in the area, and wastewaters.

Epidemiology of hospital-acquired pneumonia: Results of a Central European multicenter, prospective, observational study compared with data from the European region.

Background: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is associated with high mortality. In Central Europe, there is a dearth of information on the prevalence and treatment of HAP. This project was aimed at collecting multicenter epidemiological data on patients with HAP in the Czech Republic and comparing them with supraregional data.

[Validity comparison of various biological samples from lower airway and their contribution for the detection of nosocomial pneumonia etiological agents].

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the validity of bronchial secretion sampling and bronchoscopy-assisted protected specimen brushing (PSB) in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).

Materials And Methods: In patients with HAP, bronchial secretion samples (aspiration of lower airway secretions from an orotracheal tube with a suctioning catheter) and PSB (bronchoscopy-assisted sampling from the most affected area of the lung, verified by CT scan) were taken at the same time. Both samples were processed by semiquantitative routine microbiological techniques.

[Effect of colistin consumption and prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria].

Objective: Recently, there has been a renaissance of the use of the antibiotic colistin resulting from increasing resistance of bacterial pathogens, particularly in intensive care patients. The study aimed at assessing the impact of colistin consumption on the prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria in the University Hospital Olomouc (UHO).

Methods: A laboratory database was retrospectively searched to identify all clinically significant colistin-resistant bacterial strains isolated between 2007 and 2011.

[Influence of carbapenem selection pressure on bacterial resistance].

As a result of high resistance of bacterial pathogens to broad-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins, carbapenems have been increa-singly used recently. The presented study aimed at analyzing the association between carbapenem consumption and resistance of selected Gramnegative pathogens to meropenem. Using linear regression analysis, a statistically significant association was found between carbapenem consumption and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Possibilities in identification of genomic species of Burkholderia cepacia complex by PCR and RFLP.

The strains belonging to Burkholderia cepacia complex are important opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients and cause serious diseases. It is possible to obtain isolates from soil, water, plants and human samples. Taxonomy of this group is difficult.

Infectious complications after esophagectomy.

Background: Esophageal cancer is a serious diagnosis that has a relative incidence of 4/100,000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic. This disorder is managed predominantly by surgery. The steps to improving the outcome of treatment include a multifactorial approach.

[Detection of Burkholderia cepacia complex strains in the University Hospital Olomouc].

Background: The aim was to assess the epidemiology of Burkholderia cepacia complex strains isolated at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, determine the most frequent strains and confirm or rule out potential clonal spread of the strains.

Material And Methods: Over a period of eight months, all strains classified as Burkholderia cepacia complex were collected. Susceptibility to selected antimicrobial agents was determined and adequate molecular genetic methods were used to assess their genetic relationship.

Hospital-acquired pneumonia in ICU patients.

Background: This prospective study aimed at assessing the effect of initial antibiotic therapy on the mortality of patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) by analyzing bacterial pathogens and their resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Methods: Included were patients hospitalized in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc in 2009 who developed HAP. Bacterial pathogens and their resistance to antibiotics were identified using standard microbiological methods.

Phenotypic detection of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases in microbiological practice.

Background: Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBL and AmpC enzymes can be associated with failure of antibiotic therapy and related morbidity and mortality. Their routine detection in microbiology laboratories is still a problem. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of selected phenotypic methods.

[Effect of tigecycline on selected multiresistant bacteria].

Introduction: Currently, one of the most serious problems in medicine is the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antimicrobial drugs. Bacterial resistance may potentially be solved in particular by decreasing the consumption of antibiotics and increasing the quality of their use. Equally important, however, is the development of new antimicrobial drugs and their use in clinical practice.