Inverse relationship between linoleic acid in serum and in adipose tissue of patients with essential hypertension.

In patients with labile essential hypertension without and with overweight as well as in normotensive controls the fatty acid pattern of serum triglycerides and subcutaneous adipose tissue was estimated by gas liquid chromatography. In serum triglycerides of hypertensives linoleic acid was increased but appeared decreased in depot fat. This inverse relationship could not be found for arachidonic acid.

[Clinical aspects of typical changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in essential hypertension].

Taking into consideration regulative aspects and perceptible interrelations with pressor and depressor systems some typical alterations of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with essential arterial hypertension are summarized. An increased hormone-induced lipolysis is associated with impaired carbohydrate tolerance. Glucose-stimulated insulin response is enhanced in hypertensives, even if glucose tolerance is normal.

Effect of linoleic acid-rich diet on blood pressure, lipids, catecholamines, and dopamine -beta-hydroxylase in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats were fed a linoleic acid-rich (LAR) and -deficient (LAD) diet for 22 weeks, respectively. Although linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in serum and liver triglycerides markedly increased after a LAR diet, LA was significantly lower and AA was higher in SHR when compared to normotensive control rats. Thus, the percentage of both fatty acids remained different like in animals fed a commercial diet.

Adipose cell size in patients with essential hypertension.

The fat cell volume from subcutaneous adipose tissue of the anterior abdominal wall has been evaluated in 10 male patients with essential hypertension and in 10 male normotensive control subjects of normal body weight as well as in 9 male obese hypertensives. In both groups with normal weight no significant differences could be confirmed whereas in hypertensives with overweight the adipose cell volume was significantly increased. Thus, no evidence of enlarged adipocytes as a primary defect in patients with high blood pressure could be obtained.

The fatty acid pattern of serum triglycerides and FFA in patients with essential hypertension of different stages, athletes, and normal subjects.

The fatty acid pattern of serum triglycerides and FFA in normal untrained subjects, normotensive athletes, patients with labile and stable essential hypertension as well as in hypertensives with overweight and mild hypertriglyceridemia has been evaluated by gas liquid chromatography. The most striking differences revealed the linoleic acid in triglycerides being increased in athletes and in patients with labile hypertension in comparison with normotensive untrained controls and patients with stable hypertension. On the basis of these data an enhanced need of polyunsaturated fatty acids corresponding to probands with high physical activity has been assumed in patients with an early stage of essential hypertension.

Adipose cell size in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

The size of adipose cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive controls has been evaluated at 4, 8 and 26 weeks of age. Age-matched groups showed significant differences only in 8-week-old rats, but this can be explained by the lower body weight of SHR. In both groups of animals fat cell size varies with body weight (r = 0.

The fatty acid pattern of triglycerides and FFA in serum of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

The fatty acid patterns of serum triglycerides and FFA in SHR and in normotensive controls aged 4, 8 and 26 weeks were estimated by gas-liquid chromatography. In serum triglycerides of SHR, the percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2) was lower and the content of arachidonic acid (C20:4) higher than in age-matched control animals. A continuous increase in palmitic (C16) and linoleic acids as well as a decrease in arachidonic acid has been found with advancing age, the most striking differences existing between 4- and 8-week-old animals, i.

[Problems of distinction of normal, artificial, and pathological structures in mature human placental villi. II. Morphometrical studies on the influence of the mode of fixation (author's transl)].

Morphometrical relations of human placental villi from 14 normal placentas of the 38th to 42nd week of pregnancy terminated by Cesarean section were examined in relation to the method of fixation. Villous tissue was obtained from central areas of the in situ placenta with intact maternal circulation by means of puncture aspiration and punch biopsy. Further punch biopsies were performed 2, 5, 10 and 20 min after manual removal of the placenta.

Carbon dioxide fixation in the brain: its relation to glucose synthesis.

The incorporation in vivo of radiocarbon from 14C-bicarbonate in blood into relevant metabolites in rat brain is described. The animals, partially hepatectomized and nephrectomized, received the tracer bicarbonate via the intravenous route. The time course of label was followed in CO2 of blood and brain, in the anionic and cationic fractions of brain extract, in aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and in free glucose and in glycogen.

Metabolim of blood-borne lactate in rat brain in vivo.

L-Lactate uniformly labelled with 14C was administered to rats as a single intravenous injection. In experiments concerning the determination of lactate flux into total forebrain, the tissue was obtained by a freeze-clamping technique; in experiments concerning the determination of lactate flux in discrete brain areas the tissue was coagulated by microwave irradiation of the head. In the acid extract of brain tissue the contents and radioactivities of lactate, glucose and cycle amino acids were measured.

[Glucose metabolism in different regions of the rat brain under hypokinetic stress influence].

In rats kept under long-time hypokinetic stress influence the glucose metabolism was studied in 7 brain regions. The regional levels of glucose, lactate, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, gamma-aminobutyrate and the incorporation of 14C from plasma glucose into these metabolites, in glycogen and protein were determined. From the content and activity data the regional glucose flux was approximated guantitatively.

[Effect of increased plasma levels of glucose, adrenaline, and angiotensin upon glucose metabolism of totally ischemic and normally perfused rat brain].

Tracer kinetic studies on the effect of i.v. infused adrenaline and angiotensin, and a hyperglycemia induced by glucose application, upon glucose metabolism of the rat brain under ischemic and normoxic conditions are reported.