A computational model of the crosstalk between hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress highlights the key enzymes, metabolites, and detoxification pathways in the context of MASLD.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD; formerly known as NAFLD) is a common liver disease worldwide and carries the risk of progressing to severe liver conditions, such as fibrosis and liver cancer. In the context of MASLD, evaluating fat accumulation in the liver and the subsequent production of oxidative stress is essential to understand the disease propagation. However, clinical studies using human patients to investigate the fat accumulation and the onset of oxidative stress in MASLD face ethical and technical challenges, highlighting the importance of alternative methods.

Impact of sleeve gastrectomy on renal function in patients with morbid obesity: a 1-year prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Obesity is an independent risk factor for renal injury. A more favorable metabolic environment following weight loss may theoretically lead to improved renal function. We aimed to evaluate the evolution of renal function one year after sleeve gastrectomy in a large prospective cohort of patients with morbid obesity and assess the influence of fat-free mass (FFM) changes.

Computed tomography assessment of postoperative gastric vascular supply and staple-line leak development after sleeve gastrectomy.

Background: Residual arterial supply of the gastric tube after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) can be damaged by surgery, which can reduce gastric tube perfusion and could promote postoperative leakage.

Objective: To compare the postoperative vascularization of the gastric tube using early computed tomography (CT) scanning after SG in patients with or without postoperative staple-line leak.

Setting: University hospital.

Iatrogenic constipation in gastrointestinal surgery.

Postoperative constipation occurs relatively frequently, and can involve drug-related, surgical and lifestyle and dietary factors. Gastrointestinal motility can be altered by inflammation, surgery, opioid medications, hypnotics, anti-secretory or anesthetic drugs or by functional modifications for which the physiopathology is not well defined. There are a number of laxatives available.

Prevention of incisional hernia after single-port sleeve gastrectomy (PRISM): a prospective non-randomized controlled study.

Background: SPSG carries a risk of incisional hernia, particularly in patients with high body mass index. Prophylactic mesh placement with either permanent or absorbable mesh could decrease the occurrence of incisional hernia, with uncertainty on other postoperative parietal complications.

Methods: This is a non-randomized monocentric single-blinded prospective study.

Current strategies to induce liver remnant hypertrophy before major liver resection.

Hepatic resection is the gold standard for patients affected by primary or metastatic liver tumors but is hampered by the risk of post-hepatectomy liver failure. Despite recent improvements, liver surgery still requires excellent clinical judgement in selecting patients for surgery and, above all, efficient pre-operative strategies to provide adequate future liver remnant. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the rational, the preliminary assessment, the advantages as well as the limits of each existing technique for preparing the liver for major hepatectomy.

Prediagnostic alterations in circulating bile acid profiles in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Bile acids (BAs) play different roles in cancer development. Some are carcinogenic and BA signaling is also involved in various metabolic, inflammatory and immune-related processes. The liver is the primary site of BA synthesis.

Blood microbiota and metabolomic signature of major depression before and after antidepressant treatment: a prospective case-control study.

Background: The microbiota interacts with the brain through the gut-brain axis, and a distinct dysbiosis may lead to major depressive episodes. Bacteria can pass through the gut barrier and be found in the blood. Using a multiomic approach, we investigated whether a distinct blood microbiome and metabolome was associated with major depressive episodes, and how it was modulated by treatment.

Computed Tomography Assessment of Fat Distribution and Staple-Line Leak Risk After Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Purpose: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become the most frequent bariatric procedure and staple-line leak represents its most feared complication. Visceral obesity, a core component of the metabolic syndrome, has been associated with worst postoperative outcomes after various abdominal surgical procedures, and can be estimated by computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of radiologically determined visceral obesity in the risk of staple-line leak after SG.

Multikinase inhibitor-induced liver injury in patients with cancer: A review for clinicians.

Background: Multikinase inhibitors (MKI) are targeted molecular agents that have revolutionized cancer management. However, there is a paucity of data concerning MKI-related liver injury risk and clinical guidelines for the management of liver toxicity in patients receiving MKI for cancer are scarce.

Design: We conducted a PubMed search of articles in English published from January 2000 to December 2018 related to hepatotoxicity of the 29 FDA-approved MKIs at doses used in clinical practice.

Microbiota tryptophan metabolism induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and improves alcohol-induced liver injury.

Objective: Chronic alcohol consumption is an important cause of liver-related deaths. Specific intestinal microbiota profiles are associated with susceptibility or resistance to alcoholic liver disease in both mice and humans. We aimed to identify the mechanisms by which targeting intestinal microbiota can improve alcohol-induced liver lesions.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity in renal transplantation candidates: a matched case-control study.

Obesity has become an important issue in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Since it is considered a relative contraindication for renal transplantation, bariatric surgery has been advocated to treat morbid obesity in transplant candidates, and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most reported procedure. However, comparative data regarding outcomes of LSG in patients with or without ESRD are scarce.

A Model to Identify Heavy Drinkers at High Risk for Liver Disease Progression.

Background & Aims: Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) causes chronic liver disease. We investigated how information on patients' drinking history and amount, stage of liver disease, and demographic feature can be used to determine risk of disease progression.

Methods: We collected data from 2334 heavy drinkers (50 g/day or more) with persistently abnormal results from liver tests who had been admitted to a hepato-gastroenterology unit in France from January 1982 through December 1997; patients with a recorded duration of alcohol abuse were assigned to the development cohort (n=1599; 75% men) or the validation cohort (n=735; 75% men), based on presence of a liver biopsy.

Adaptation of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurement depth in morbidly obese patients addressed for bariatric surgery.

Background And Aim: The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using FibroScan (Echosens, Paris, France) M or XL probe has been developed for liver steatosis assessment. However, CAP performs poorly in patients with high body mass index. The aim of our study was to assess whether CAP is overestimated using the standard XL probe in patients with morbid obesity, and in the case of an overestimation, to reprocess the data at a greater depth to obtain the appropriate CAP (CAPa).

Bile acid homeostasis and intestinal dysbiosis in alcoholic hepatitis.

Background: Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in bile acid homeostasis.

Aim: To study the structure of the intestinal microbiota and its function in bile acid homeostasis in alcoholic patients based on the severity of alcoholic liver disease.

Methods: In this prospective study, we included four groups of active alcoholic patients (N = 108): two noncirrhotic, with (noCir_AH, n = 13) or without alcoholic hepatitis (noCir_noAH, n = 61), and two cirrhotic, with (Cir_sAH, n = 17) or without severe alcoholic hepatitis (Cir_noAH, n = 17).

Non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with alcohol-related liver disease by transient elastography: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: The value of transient elastography for the non-invasive diagnosis of alcohol-related liver fibrosis is subject to debate. We did an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis to determine specific diagnostic cutoff values for liver stiffness in alcohol-related fibrosis, and to assess the effect of aminotransferase concentrations, bilirubin concentrations, and presence of asymptomatic and non-severe alcoholic hepatitis on liver stiffness.

Methods: We searched for studies that included patients with alcohol-related liver disease, liver biopsy, and transient elastography, and with a statistical method for determining the diagnostic cutoffs for alcohol-induced liver fibrosis on the basis of the FibroScan results, in PubMed between Jan 1, 2000, and Sept 30, 2017.

Predictive score of sarcopenia occurrence one year after bariatric surgery in severely obese patients.

Background And Aim: Sarcopenic obesity is a risk factor of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to generate a predictive score of sarcopenia occurrence one year after bariatric surgery.

Patients And Methods: We conducted an observational prospective cohort study on a total of 184 severely obese patients admitted to our institution to undergo sleeve gastrectomy.

Characterization of intestinal microbiota in alcoholic patients with and without alcoholic hepatitis or chronic alcoholic pancreatitis.

Excessive alcohol consumption leads to severe alcoholic hepatitis (sAH) or chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (CAP) only in a subset of patients. We aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota profiles of alcoholic patients according to the presence and nature of the complications observed: sAH or CAP. Eighty two alcoholic patients were included according to their complications: CAP (N = 24), sAH (N = 13) or no complications (alcoholic controls, AC, N = 45).

Methylprednisolone-induced acute liver injury in a patient treated for multiple sclerosis relapse.

Drug-induced liver injury is the fourth most common cause of liver disease in industrialised countries. Methylprednisolone is often considered to be a treatment with a low hepatotoxicity. We report a case of methylprednisolone-induced liver injury in a 35-year-old woman.

Controlled attenuation parameter for diagnosing steatosis in bariatric surgery candidates with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Introduction: Steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often benign, but may progress to fibrosis. The accurate diagnosis of hepatic steatosis is therefore important for clinical decision-making and prognostic assessments. The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), a noninvasive measurement obtained with Fibro-Scan, has been developed for liver steatosis assessment.

Transient elastography alone and in combination with FibroTest for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease.

Background & Aims: The reliability of transient elastography (TE) to assess liver fibrosis is insufficiently validated in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We aimed to validate the diagnostic utility of TE for liver fibrosis in patients with excessive alcohol consumption and evaluate whether Fibrotest adds diagnostic value relative to or in combination with TE.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective study on a total of 217 heavy drinkers with high serum aminotransferase levels.