Acute dose-dependent effects and self-guided titration of continuous N,N-dimethyltryptamine infusions in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants.

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a serotonergic psychedelic that is known for its short-lasting effects when administered intravenously. Several studies have investigated the administration of intravenous boluses or combinations of a bolus and a subsequent continuous infusion. However, data on dose-dependent acute effects and pharmacokinetics of continuous DMT infusions are lacking.

Factors associated with maternal well-being during childbirth among postpartum women in Minas Gerais.

Objectives: to analyze the factors associated with maternal well-being during childbirth among postpartum women in Minas Gerais.

Methods: a cross-sectional study nested within a cohort was conducted with postpartum women in a municipality of Minas Gerais. The Maternal Well-being in Childbirth Scale 2 was used.

Fecal microbiota transplantation from protozoa-exposed donors downregulates immune response in a germ-free mouse model, its role in immune response and physiology of the intestine.

Intestinal parasites are part of the intestinal ecosystem and have been shown to establish close interactions with the intestinal microbiota. However, little is known about the influence of intestinal protozoa on the regulation of the immune response. In this study, we analyzed the regulation of the immune response of germ-free mice transplanted with fecal microbiota (FMT) from individuals with multiple parasitic protozoans (P) and non-parasitized individuals (NP).

Influence of cartilage defects and a collagen gel on integrity of corresponding intact cartilage: a biomechanical in-vitro study.

Introduction: Numerous cartilage repair procedures have been developed for focal lesions to minimize suffering and possibly prevent the development of osteoarthritis with a focus on so-called one-step procedures. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of both focal cartilage defects and a biomaterial (ChondroFiller) on the corresponding articular cartilage.

Materials And Methods: On a friction test stand, 18 porcine osteochondral cylinders were tested in six experimental setups under cyclic loading (33 N) against a friction partner in saline solution.

Snorkel-tag based affinity chromatography for recombinant extracellular vesicle purification.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid nanoparticles and play an important role in cell-cell communications, making them potential therapeutic agents and allowing to engineer for targeted drug delivery. The expanding applications of EVs in next generation medicine is still limited by existing tools for scaling standardized EV production, single EV tracing and analytics, and thus provide only a snapshot of tissue-specific EV cargo information. Here, we present the Snorkel-tag, for which we have genetically fused the EV surface marker protein CD81, to a series of tags with an additional transmembrane domain to be displayed on the EV surface, resembling a snorkel.

Integrating social learning and network formation for social tipping towards a sustainable future.

Numerous psychological biases shape how we respond to observing others conforming to or diverging from social norms. Depending on our social networks, we may be more influenced by societal majorities, such as the widespread consumption of meat or frequent air travel, or by the sustainable lifestyles of our closest friends. The evolution of social norms is shaped by personal preferences, values, beliefs, and the structure of social networks.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Survival After a Nadir Hemoglobin <3.0 g/dL in 2 Jehovah's Witness Patients: A Case Report.

We report 2 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding and profound anemia in Jehovah's Witness patients (with nadir hemoglobin of 2.1 and 2.8 g/dL), both of whom survived until discharge to home.

Hebbian plasticity induced by temporally coincident BCI enhances post-stroke motor recovery.

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can support functional restoration of a paretic limb post-stroke. Hebbian plasticity depends on temporally coinciding pre- and post-synaptic activity. A tight temporal relationship between motor cortical (MC) activity associated with attempted movement and FES-generated visuo-proprioceptive feedback is hypothesized to enhance motor recovery.

Imagery and motor learning: a special issue on the neurocognitive mechanisms of imagery and imagery practice of motor actions.

Human beings are able to imagine actions with the aim to change movement coordination and to learn particular movements. Meta-analyses to date have shown that when individuals systematically engage in imagery of a motor action without overt behavior this can improve motor performance and facilitate motor learning. Despite a considerable body of research in neuroscience, psychology, and sport science, however, there is at present no consensus on the neurocognitive mechanisms of imagery, and the mechanisms that lead to learning via imagined action are still being debated.

Randomized, Multicenter Study to Assess the Effects of Different Doses of Sildenafil on Mortality in Adults With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Sildenafil, approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), has a recommended adult dose of 20 mg TID, with a previously approved 5-mg TID dose by the US Food and Drug Administration. Safety concerns arose because of common off-label use of higher doses, particularly after pediatric data linked higher doses to increased mortality. To assess this, the Food and Drug Administration mandated a study evaluating the effects of various sildenafil doses on mortality in adults with PAH.

Safety and efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in neuroendocrine tumors: A single center experience.

Peptide receptor radionucleotide therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu-dotatate is widely used for the treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We analyzed data from 104 patients with NETs treated with 177Lu -dotatate at a US academic center between December 2017 and October 2020 to better understand patterns of long-term efficacy, safety, and toxicity in the real-world setting. 177Lu-dotatate (200 mCi) was administered every eight weeks for four doses.

An anteromedial stabilization procedure has the most protective effect on the anterior cruciate ligament in tibial external rotation. A human knee model study.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains associated with the risk of re-rupture and persisting rotational instability. Additional extraarticular anterolateral stabilization procedures stabilize the tibial internal rotation and lead to lower ACL failure rate and improved knee stability. However, data for additional stabilization of tibial external rotation is lacking and the importance of an anteromedial stabilization procedure is less well evaluated.

Long-term results of arthroscopic capsulolabral revision repair for failed anterior shoulder instability repair using suture anchors at a minimum of 10 years follow-up.

Introduction: Arthroscopic revision anterior shoulder instability repair has been proposed, and early clinical results have been promising. However, long-term results after this procedure and the probable risk factors for failure have not been sufficiently discussed in the literature.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight patients who were diagnosed with recurrent anteroinferior shoulder instability after failed Bankart repair, treated with ACRR between September 1998 and November 2003 and able to be contacted were included.

Decreased Serum Levels of the Insulin Resistance-Related microRNA miR-320a in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with metabolic abnormalities in the affected patients such as obesity or a dysregulated glucose metabolism/insulin resistance (IR). IR affects the serum levels of several circulating microRNAs; however, studies on the association between IR-related microRNAs and PCOS are scarce. Therefore, we quantified the serum levels of the IR-associated microRNAs miR-93, miR-148a, miR-216a, miR-224 and miR-320a via qPCR in a cohort of 358 infertility patients, of whom 136 were diagnosed with PCOS.

Isolating a culture of son preference among Armenian, Georgian and Azeri Parents in Soviet-era Russia.

A basic hypothesis is that cultural evolutionary processes sustain differences between groups, these differences have evolutionary relevance and they would not otherwise occur in a system without cultural transmission. The empirical challenge is that groups vary for many reasons, and isolating the causal effects of culture often requires appropriate data and a quasi-experimental approach to analysis. We address this challenge with historical data from the final Soviet census of 1989, and our analysis is an example of the epidemiological approach to identifying cultural variation.

Spacer rotation technique allows precise evaluation of gap balance in total knee arthroplasty.

The symmetry of the flexion and extension gap influences the functional and long-term outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Most surgeons check it by applying varus and valgus stress using spacers. This technique has limited accuracy and could be easily extended by rotational movement of the spacer.

Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for quantifying diamorphine and its major metabolites 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide, and morphine-6-glucuronide in human plasma.

Diamorphine, commonly known as heroin, is a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic. In the context of heroin-assisted treatment for opioid-dependent patients, diamorphine is mostly administered intravenously. However, recent attention has shifted towards intranasal administration as a better-tolerated alternative to the intravenous route.

The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Thoracic Aortic Disease: Are They Indicators for the Pathogenesis of Dissections?

The pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm and dissection continues to be under discussion. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling processes in the aortic wall are hypothesized to be involved in the development of the disorders. Therefore, in a histological study, we investigated the expression of metalloproteases 1 and 9 (MMP1 and MMP9) and their inhibitors (TIMP 1 and TIMP 2) in cardiac surgery patients.

Stimulus specificity in combined action observation and motor imagery of typing.

Combined action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) can improve movement execution (ME) in healthy adults and certain patient populations. However, it is unclear how the specificity of the observation component during AO + MI influences ME. As generalised observation could result in more flexible AO + MI rehabilitation programmes, this study investigated whether observing typing of target words (specific condition) or non-matching words (general condition) during AO + MI would have different effects on keyboard typing in healthy young adults.

Feasibility of bone marrow edema detection using dual-energy cone-beam computed tomography.

Background: Dual-energy (DE) detection of bone marrow edema (BME) would be a valuable new diagnostic capability for the emerging orthopedic cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems. However, this imaging task is inherently challenging because of the narrow energy separation between water (edematous fluid) and fat (health yellow marrow), requiring precise artifact correction and dedicated material decomposition approaches.

Purpose: We investigate the feasibility of BME assessment using kV-switching DE CBCT with a comprehensive CBCT artifact correction framework and a two-stage projection- and image-domain three-material decomposition algorithm.

Novel AI-Based Algorithm for the Automated Measurement of Cervical Sagittal Balance Parameters. A Validation Study on Pre- and Postoperative Radiographs of 129 Patients.

Study Design: Retrospective, mono-centric cohort research study.

Objectives: The analysis of cervical sagittal balance parameters is essential for preoperative planning and dependent on the physician's experience. A fully automated artificial intelligence-based algorithm could contribute to an objective analysis and save time.

When norm change hurts.

Applied cultural evolution includes any effort to mobilize social learning and cultural evolution to promote behaviour change. Social tipping is one version of this idea based on conformity and coordination. Conformity and coordination can reinforce a harmful social norm, but they can also accelerate change from a harmful norm to a beneficial alternative.