Neuronal and oligodendroglial, but not astroglial, tau translates to in vivo tau PET signals in individuals with primary tauopathies.

Tau PET has attracted increasing interest as an imaging biomarker for 4-repeat (4R)-tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, the translation of in vitro 4R-tau binding to in vivo tau PET signals is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a translational study using a broad spectrum of advanced methodologies to investigate the sources of [F]PI-2620 tau PET signals in individuals with 4R-tauopathies, including a pilot PET autopsy study in patients.

Assessment of synaptic loss in mouse models of β-amyloid and tau pathology using [F]UCB-H PET imaging.

Objective: In preclinical research, the use of [F]Fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) as a biomarker for neurodegeneration may induce bias due to enhanced glucose uptake by immune cells. In this study, we sought to investigate synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) PET with [F]UCB-H as an alternative preclinical biomarker for neurodegenerative processes in two mouse models representing the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: A total of 29 PS2APP, 20 P301S and 12 wild-type mice aged 4.

Semantic segmentation for fully automated macrofouling analysis on coatings after field exposure.

Biofouling is a major challenge for sustainable shipping, filter membranes, heat exchangers, and medical devices. The development of fouling-resistant coatings requires the evaluation of their effectiveness. Such an evaluation is usually based on the assessment of fouling progression after different exposure times to the target medium (e.

[F]F-DED PET imaging of reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative diseases: preclinical proof of concept and first-in-human data.

Objectives: Reactive gliosis is a common pathological hallmark of CNS pathology resulting from neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In this study we investigate the capability of a novel monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) PET ligand to monitor reactive astrogliosis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer`s disease (AD). Furthermore, we performed a pilot study in patients with a range of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions.

Serum S100A8/A9 and S100A12 Levels in Children With Polyarticular Forms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Relationship to Maintenance of Clinically Inactive Disease During Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy and Occurrence of Disease Flare After Discontinuation of Therapy.

Objective: To determine the relationship between serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 and the maintenance of clinically inactive disease during anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy and the occurrence of disease flare following withdrawal of anti-TNF therapy in patients with polyarticular forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter study, 137 patients with polyarticular-course JIA whose disease was clinically inactive while receiving anti-TNF therapy were enrolled. Patients were observed for an initial 6-month phase during which anti-TNF treatment was continued.

Risk, Timing, and Predictors of Disease Flare After Discontinuation of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Children With Polyarticular Forms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis With Clinically Inactive Disease.

Objective: To determine the frequency, time to flare, and predictors of disease flare upon withdrawal of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in children with polyarticular forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who demonstrated ≥6 months of continuous clinically inactive disease.

Methods: In 16 centers 137 patients with clinically inactive JIA who were receiving anti-TNF therapy (42% of whom were also receiving methotrexate [MTX]) were prospectively followed up. If the disease remained clinically inactive for the initial 6 months of the study, anti-TNF was stopped and patients were assessed for flare at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 months.

Familial autoimmunity in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance registry.

Background: Clinically distinct autoimmune phenotypes share genetic susceptibility factors. We investigated the prevalence of familial autoimmunity among subjects with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) in the CARRA Registry, the largest multicenter observational Registry for pediatric rheumatic disease.

Methods: Children with JIA, cSLE and JDM enrolled in the CARRA Registry between May 2010 and May 2012 were investigated for differences in proportion of subjects who had first-degree relatives (FDR) with autoimmunity.

Arthroscopy of the Temporomandibular Joint in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Purpose: The early diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) before joint destruction and growth disturbances could allow for interceptive treatment. The purpose of this article is to report early TMJ arthroscopic findings in patients with JIA.

Patients And Methods: This was a case series of 3 patients with JIA treated at the Emory University Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from July 2011 through December 2012.

Phenotypic Characterization of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in African American Children.

Objective: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) affects children of all races. Prior studies suggest that phenotypic features of JIA in African American (AA) children differ from those of non-Hispanic white (NHW) children. We evaluated the phenotypic differences at presentation between AA and NHW children enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry, and replicated the findings in a JIA cohort from a large center in the southeastern United States.

Symptoms of periodontitis and antibody responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Background: The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis is well established. Some children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) phenotypically resemble adults with RA, characterized by the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies. We sought to investigate an association between CCP-positive JIA and symptoms of periodontitis and antibodies to oral microbiota.

The Association of Race With Childhood Uveitis.

Purpose: To identify risk factors for a severe uveitis course among children with noninfectious uveitis.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Method: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database.

Using the Effects of Youngsters' Eyesight on Quality of Life Questionnaire to Measure Visual Outcomes in Children With Uveitis.

Objective: The Effects of Youngsters' Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE-Q) is a novel measure of vision-related quality of life (QOL) and function in children. We aim to determine the validity of the EYE-Q in childhood uveitis.

Methods: We abstracted medical record data on arthritis and uveitis in a convenience sample of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and/or uveitis.

Characteristics of a cohort of children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and JIA-associated Uveitis.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U) can lead to poor visual outcomes and impact a child's quality of life (QOL) and function. Our aim is to identify risk markers of JIA-U and examine differences in the QOL of children with JIA and JIA-U.

Methods: Rheumatology and ophthalmology record reviews and questionnaires were completed every 4-6 months on 287 children with JIA.

Malakoplakia and primary immunodeficiency.

Malakoplakia, a rare granulomatous disease caused by impaired macrophage response, has been reported only rarely in children. We report 3 unique cases, with lesions occurring in unusual locations in children with primary immune deficiencies.

Limitations in the classification of childhood-onset rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: Rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis (RF+ poly) is the juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) category that resembles adult seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We studied children with RF+ and/or anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP)+ JIA to determine what proportion of those children meet International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria for RF+ poly JIA and to assess for significant differences between children who meet RF+ poly criteria and those who are classified in other categories.

Methods: Charts of children with JIA who were RF+ and/or anti-CCP+ were reviewed.

Updates on the risk markers and outcomes of severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis.

Uveitis is the most common extra-articular manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, which is the most common systemic cause of uveitis in children. Known risk factors for uveitis include antinuclear antibody seropositivity, young age of arthritis onset, specific juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtype and short duration of disease. Risk markers for severe ocular disease include gender, age and complications at initial visit.

Risk markers of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry.

Objective: To characterize the epidemiology and clinical course of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U) in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry and explore differences between African American (AA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) children.

Methods: There were 4983 children with JIA enrolled in the CARRA Registry. Of those, 3967 NHW and AA children were included in this study.

Meta-analysis confirms association between TNFA-G238A variant and JIA, and between PTPN22-C1858T variant and oligoarticular, RF-polyarticular and RF-positive polyarticular JIA.

Background: Although more than 100 non-HLA variants have been tested for associations with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in candidate gene studies, only a few have been replicated. We sought to replicate reported associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PTPN22, TNFA and MIF genes in a well-characterized cohort of children with JIA.

Methods: We genotyped and analyzed 4 SNPs in 3 genes: PTPN22 C1858T (rs2476601), TNFA G-308A, G-238A (rs1800629, rs361525) and MIF G-173C (rs755622) in 647 JIA cases and 751 healthy controls.

Susceptibility to childhood-onset rheumatoid arthritis: investigation of a weighted genetic risk score that integrates cumulative effects of variants at five genetic loci.

Objective: Children with childhood-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include those with rheumatoid factor or anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis. To test the hypothesis that adult-onset RA-associated variants are also associated with childhood-onset RA, we investigated RA-associated variants at 5 loci in a cohort of patients with childhood-onset RA. We also assessed the cumulative association of these variants in susceptibility to childhood-onset RA using a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS).

The health education for lupus study: a randomized controlled cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in adolescent females with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction: To examine in a randomize controlled feasibility clinical trial the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to manage pain, enhance disease adjustment and adaptation and improve quality of life among female adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Methods: Female adolescents (n = 53) ranging in age from 12 to 18 years were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups including a cognitive-behavioral intervention, an education-only arm and a no-contact control group. Participants were assessed at baseline, postintervention and at 3- and 6-month intervals after completion of the intervention.

Consensus treatment plans for induction therapy of newly diagnosed proliferative lupus nephritis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To formulate consensus treatment plans (CTPs) for induction therapy of newly diagnosed proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: A structured consensus formation process was employed by the members of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance after considering the existing medical evidence and current treatment approaches.

Results: After an initial Delphi survey (response rate = 70%), a 2-day consensus conference, and 2 followup Delphi surveys (response rates = 63-79%), consensus was achieved for a limited set of CTPs addressing the induction therapy of proliferative LN.

Hierarchy of risk of childhood-onset rheumatoid arthritis conferred by HLA-DRB1 alleles encoding the shared epitope.

Objective: Associations between shared epitope (SE)-encoding HLA-DRB1 alleles and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are well established. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated these alleles in patients with childhood-onset RA, which is defined as rheumatoid factor- and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aims of this study were to investigate the largest cohort of patients with childhood-onset RA for association with SE alleles and to determine whether there is a hierarchy of risk based on the amino acid sequence of the SE.

[Gianotti-Crosti syndrome in an infant following immunization].

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS), first described by F. Gianotti in 1955, was originally reported to be associated with hepatitis B virus infection in children. The typical clinical picture allows diagnosis of GCS at first glance.

History of infection before the onset of juvenile dermatomyositis: results from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Research Registry.

Objective: To obtain data concerning a history of infection occurring in the 3 months before recognition of the typical weakness and rash associated with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM).

Methods: Parents or caretakers of children within 6 months of JDM diagnosis were interviewed by the registry study nurse concerning their child's symptoms, environment, family background, and illness history. Physician medical records were reviewed, confirming the JDM diagnosis.

Lack of association between childhood stroke after varicella and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B51.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B51 has been suggested as an immunogenetic marker for a genetic predisposition to vascular occlusion in response to an immunological stimulus. Varicella has been reported to be a possible risk factor for stroke. We performed DNA-based HLA typing in 11 young patients (mean age: 5.