Kidney lipid metabolism: impact on pediatric kidney diseases and modulation by early-life nutrition.

Our review summarizes and evaluates the current state of knowledge on lipid metabolism in relation to the pathomechanisms of kidney disease with a focus on common pediatric kidney diseases. In addition, we discuss how nutrition in early childhood can alter kidney development and permanently shape kidney lipid and protein metabolism, which in turn affects kidney health and disease throughout life. Comprehensive integrated lipidomics and proteomics network analyses are becoming increasingly available and offer exciting new insights into metabolic signatures.

Unlocking Potential: Personalized Lifestyle Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Through a Predictive Algorithm-Driven Digital Therapeutic.

Background: We present a digital therapeutic (DTx) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to digitally personalize lifestyle interventions for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Method: A study of 118 participants with non-insulin-treated T2D (HbA ≥ 6.5%) who were already receiving standard care and had a mean baseline (BL) HbA of 7.

The effect of mycophenolate mofetil on podocytes in nephrotoxic serum nephritis.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is applied in proteinuric kidney diseases, but the exact mechanism of its effect on podocytes is still unknown. Our previous in vitro experiments suggested that MMF can ameliorate podocyte damage via restoration of the Ca-actin cytoskeleton axis. The goal of this study was to characterize podocyte biology during MMF treatment in nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis (NTN).

Elevated n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in early life diet reverses adverse intrauterine kidney programming in female rats.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) predisposes to chronic kidney disease via activation of proinflammatory pathways, and omega-3 PUFAs (n-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory properties. In female rats, we investigated 1) how an elevated dietary n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio (1:1) during postnatal kidney development modifies kidney phospholipid (PL) and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite content and 2) whether the diet counteracts adverse molecular protein signatures expected in IUGR kidneys. IUGR was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation or intrauterine stress through sham operation 3.

Hippocampal mTOR Dysregulation and Morphological Changes in Male Rats after Fetal Growth Restriction.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) has been linked to long-term neurocognitive impairment, especially in males. To determine possible underlying mechanisms, we examined hippocampal cellular composition and mTOR signaling of male rat FGR offspring during main brain growth and development (postnatal days (PND) 1 and 12). FGR was either induced by a low-protein diet throughout pregnancy, experimental placental insufficiency by bilateral uterine vessel ligation or intrauterine stress by "sham" operation.

The effect of dietary lipid quality in early life on serum LysoPC(18:2) levels and their association with adult blood glucose levels in intrauterine growth restricted rats.

Being born small-for-gestational-age, especially with subsequent catch-up growth, is associated with impaired metabolic health in later-life. We previously showed that a postnatal diet with an adapted lipid droplet structure can ameliorate some of the adverse metabolic consequences in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) rats. The aim of the present work was to explore possible underlying mechanism(s) and potential biomarkers.

Vascular tone regulation in renal interlobar arteries of male rats is dysfunctional after intrauterine growth restriction.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to an adverse intrauterine environment predisposes to arterial hypertension and loss of kidney function. Here, we investigated whether vascular dysregulation in renal interlobar arteries (RIAs) may contribute to hypertensive glomerular damage after IUGR. In rats, IUGR was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation.

Impact of early-life diet on long-term renal health.

In the last years, great advances have been made in the effort to understand how nutritional influences can affect long-term renal health. Evidence has accumulated that maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy and lactation as well as early postnatal nutrition is of special significance. In this review, we summarize epidemiologic and experimental data on the renal effects of perinatal exposure to energy restriction, low-protein diet, high-fat diet, high-fructose diet, and high- and low-salt diet as well as micronutrient deficiencies.

Altered molecular signatures during kidney development after intrauterine growth restriction of different origins.

This study was performed to identify transcriptional alterations in male intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) rats during and at the end of nephrogenesis in order to generate hypotheses which molecular mechanisms contribute to adverse kidney programming. IUGR was induced by low protein (LP) diet throughout pregnancy, bilateral uterine vessel ligation (LIG), or intrauterine stress (IUS) by sham operation. Offspring of unimpaired dams served as controls.

Maternal High Fat Diet and in-Utero Metformin Exposure Significantly Impact upon the Fetal Renal Proteome of Male Mice.

There is accumulating evidence for fetal programming of later kidney disease by maternal obesity or associated conditions. We performed a hypothesis-generating study to identify potentially underlying mechanisms. Female mice were randomly split in two groups and fed either a standard diet (SD) or high fat diet (HFD) from weaning until mating and during pregnancy.

IL-6/Smad2 signaling mediates acute kidney injury and regeneration in a murine model of neonatal hyperoxia.

Prematurity is linked to incomplete nephrogenesis and risk of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Oxygen is life-saving in that context but induces injury in numerous organs. Here, we studied the structural and functional impact of hyperoxia on renal injury and its IL-6 dependency.

The Oral Bioavailability of Trans-Resveratrol from a Grapevine-Shoot Extract in Healthy Humans is Significantly Increased by Micellar Solubilization.

Scope: Grapevine-shoot extract Vineatrol30 contains abundant resveratrol monomers and oligomers with health-promoting potential. However, the oral bioavailability of these compounds in humans is low (˂1-2%). The aim of this study was to improve the oral bioavailability of resveratrol from vineatrol by micellar solubilization.

Comparison of the major polyphenols in mature Argan fruits from two regions of Morocco.

Previous studies have shown that Argan fruits contain a large variety of polyphenolic compounds. Recently, another class of polyphenolic compounds, namely amino phenols have been detected and identified in immature Argan fruits. The objective of this study, was to establish whether or not, these novel compounds are also present in mature Argan fruits.