The impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status on early adolescent sleep disturbances for youth exposed to adverse childhood experiences.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may increase the risk for adolescent sleep disturbances, though the impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) remains unclear.

Objective: We sought to determine the direct and moderating impact of race, ethnicity, family SES, and community SES on sleep disturbances across early adolescence for ACE-exposed youth.

Participants And Setting: This secondary analysis used longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® data (2016-2022) from youth who experienced ≥1 ACE by age 9-10 years.

Family adversity and co-occurring pain, psychological, and somatic symptom trajectories from late childhood through early adolescence.

This study examined the relative impact of earlier versus proximal childhood exposures to family adversities (parental health problems, family conflict, financial hardship, abuse, violence) and supportive caregiving (warm and supportive parenting behaviors) on youths' symptom trajectories across early adolescence. We used parent-reported survey data to differentiate co-occurring Pain, Psychological, and Somatic Symptom (Pain-PSS) trajectories among youth in the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® (2016-2022). Family adversities and supportive caregiving were derived from youth and parent surveys and coded as occurring earlier (by age 9-11yrs; baseline) or proximally (occurring during study follow-up years 1-4; by age 11-15yrs).

Effect of comorbid psychologic and somatic symptom trajectories on early onset substance use among U.S. youth in the ABCD study.

Background: Adolescent substance use (SU) is often motivated by a desire to alleviate undesirable symptoms. To test the self-medication hypothesis, we examined associations between comorbid psychologic and somatic symptom trajectories across early adolescence and early onset SU.

Methods: Using Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® data, we differentiated youth who reported no SU at baseline based on their comorbid anxiety, depression, pain, somatic and somnolence symptom trajectories.

Anxiety and Depression Symptoms, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Persistent/Recurrent Pain Across Early Adolescence.

Objective: To determine whether anxiety and depression symptoms are mechanisms through which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute toward persistent/recurrent pain (PRP) across early adolescence.

Methods: This study described the direct and indirect (ie, mediated) effects of ACEs on PRP across early adolescence, using 4 years of Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study data. Annual pain frequency, anxiety, and depression symptoms were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist, and youth with pain for ≥3 of the 4-year study period were classified with PRP.

Factors Affecting Health Care Utilization Associations Among Young Adolescents With Persistent or Recurrent Pain.

Background: It is unclear how family factors affect health care utilization among youth with persistent or recurrent pain, despite potential relevance to interventions targeting treatment barriers.

Objective: We aimed to examine health care utilization among young adolescents with persistent or recurrent pain and family factor influences toward higher health care utilization.

Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study and coded pain as none, infrequent (present 1-2 years), or persistent/recurrent pain (present 3-4 years).

Achieving goal-concordant care: Formal and informal advance care planning for White, Black, and Hispanic older adults.

Introduction: Advance care planning (ACP) aims to ensure that patients receive goal-concordant care (GCC), which is especially important for racially or ethnically minoritized populations at greater risk of poor end-of-life outcomes. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of advance directives (i.e.

Applying Life History Theory to Understand Earlier Onset of Puberty: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Cohort Analysis.

Purpose: Life history theory posits that multigenerational exposure to adversity and deprivation influences childhood growth and development, including pubertal maturation. We applied this ecological, evolutionary theory to examine the contributions of distal and proximal adversity on early puberty, a potentially important marker for population health.

Methods: Baseline data from 5,645 girls in the adolescent brain cognitive development study were included.

Risk Factors for the Development of Multisite Pain in Children.

Objective: Chronic pain has economic costs on par with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Despite this impact on the health care system and increasing awareness of the relationship between pain and mortality, efforts to identify simple symptom-based risk factors for the development of pain, particularly in children, have fallen short. This is critically important as pain that manifests during childhood often persists into adulthood.

Adolescents' Nicotine/Tobacco Dependency Symptoms Using 4 Waves of PATH Data.

Objective: We aimed to characterize male and female adolescents' use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes and dual use, and seven symptoms of nicotine/tobacco dependence using four waves of national data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Methods: The analytic sample included 2902 adolescents 12-17 years who indicated past 30-day e-cigarette or cigarette use at least once between 2013-2018. Items from the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) were used to report dependence symptoms.

Associations of Co-occurring Symptom Trajectories With Sex, Race, Ethnicity, and Health Care Utilization in Children.

Importance: Co-occurring physical and psychological symptoms during childhood and early adolescence may increase risk of symptom persistence into adulthood.

Objective: To describe co-occurring pain, psychological, and sleep disturbance symptom (pain-PSS) trajectories in a diverse cohort of children and the association of symptom trajectory with health care utilization.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, collected between 2016 and 2022 at 21 research sites across the US.

Prescription Opioid Misuse in Older Adult Surgical Patients: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Clinical Implications.

The United States and many other developed nations are in the midst of an opioid crisis, with consequent pressure on prescribers to limit opioid prescribing and reduce prescription opioid misuse. This review addresses prescription opioid misuse for older adult surgical populations. We outline the epidemiology and risk factors for persistent opioid use and misuse in older adults undergoing surgery.

Adolescents and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease: Nociplastic Pain and Pain Catastrophizing as Predictors of Pain Interference and Opioid Consumption.

Objectives: Some patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have features of nociplastic pain. While research suggests that many patients with nociplastic pain consume more opioids due to opioid nonresponsiveness, little is known about the impact of nociplastic pain and pain catastrophizing on opioid consumption and pain interference among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with SCD. The purpose of this study was to (1) characterize nociplastic pain and pain catastrophizing among AYA with SCD, and (2) determine whether these characterizations are associated with subsequent opioid consumption and pain interference 1 month after characterization.

Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks-American Pain Society-American Academy of Pain Medicine Pain Taxonomy Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Needle Pain.

Needle procedures are among the most common causes of pain and distress for individuals seeking health care. While needle pain is especially problematic for children needle pain and associated fear also has significant impact on adults and can lead to avoidance of appropriate medical care. Currently there is not a standard definition of needle pain.

Biopsychosocial Attributes of Single-region and Multi-region Body Pain During Early Adolescence: Analysis of the ABCD Cohort.

Objectives: Multi-region pain during adolescence is associated with a higher symptom burden and lower quality of life. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the biopsychosocial attributes of single-region and multi-region pain among healthy young adolescents.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data from 10,320 children aged 10.

A Community-Academic Approach to Preventing Substance Use Disorders.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and activism against structural racism heightened awareness of racial-ethnic disparities and disproportionate burden among the underserved. The opioid crisis further compounds these phenomena, increasing vulnerability for substance use disorders (SUD). Community-based participatory research can facilitate multidisciplinary collaboration, yet literature on these approaches to prevent and reduce SUD and associated stigma remains limited.

A Risk Education Program Decreases Leftover Prescription Opioid Retention: An RCT.

Introduction: Retaining leftover prescription opioids poses the risks of diversion, misuse, overdose, and death for youth and other family members. This study examined whether a new educational program would enhance risk perceptions and disposal intentions among parents and decrease their retention of leftover prescription opioids.

Study Design: This study is an RCT (NCT03287622).

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Informal and Formal Advance Care Planning Among U.S. Older Adults.

Objective: To examine advance care planning (ACP) trends among an increasingly diverse aging population, we compared informal and formal ACP use by race/ethnicity among U.S. older adults (≤65 years).

Enhancing risk perception may be insufficient to curtail prescription opioid use and misuse among youth after surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial examined whether an interactive, risk-focused educational program was associated with higher risk perceptions and decreased prescription opioid use/misuse among emerging adults.

Methods: 503 participants aged 15-24 years scheduled for ambulatory surgery were randomized to routine prescription education with or without our Scenario-Tailored Opioid Messaging Program (STOMP) provided prior to receipt of a prescribed opioid. Surveys were completed preoperatively, and at days 7&14, months 1&3 postoperatively.

Optimizing scalable, technology-supported behavioral interventions to prevent opioid misuse among adolescents and young adults in the emergency department: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

Preventing opioid misuse and opioid use disorder is critical among at-risk adolescents and young adults (AYAs). An Emergency Department (ED) visit provides an opportunity for delivering interventions during a rapidly changing opioid landscape. This paper describes pilot data and the protocol for a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial testing efficacy of early interventions to reduce escalation of opioid (prescription or illicit) misuse among at-risk AYAs.

To relieve pain or avoid opioid-related risk? A comparison of parents' analgesic trade-off preferences and decision-making in 2019 versus 2013 in a single U.S. pediatric hospital.

Background: Analgesic trade-off preferences, or the relative preference for pain relief vs. risk aversion, shape parents' decisions to give prescription opioids to their children. These preferences may be influenced by personal experiences and societal factors.

A High Psychological and Somatic Symptom Profile and Family Health Factors Predict New or Persistent Pain During Early Adolescence.

Objectives: Persistent or recurrent pain is common among adolescents and is associated with poor functioning. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preteens who present with pain, and higher, co-occurring psychological and somatic symptoms (PSS) are at higher risk for persistent pain than other children.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the longitudinal Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development database (version 2.

The relationship between parental factors, child symptom profile, and persistent postoperative pain interference and analgesic use in children.

Objectives: Both parental and child factors have been previously associated with persistent or recurrent postoperative pain in children. Yet, little is known about the relative contribution of parent factors or whether child symptom factors might impact the association between parent factors and long-term pain. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between parent factors, child symptomology, and the child's long-term pain outcomes after surgery.

Effect of a brief scenario-tailored educational program on parents' risk knowledge, perceptions, and decisions to administer prescribed opioids: a randomized controlled trial.

This randomized, controlled trial evaluated whether a brief educational program (ie, Scenario-Tailored Opioid Messaging Program [STOMP]) would improve parental opioid risk knowledge, perceptions, and analgesic efficacy; ensure safe opioid use decisions; and impact prescription opioid use after surgery. Parent-child dyads (n = 604) who were prescribed an opioid for short-term use were randomized to routine instruction (Control) or routine plus STOMP administered preoperatively. Baseline and follow-up surveys assessed parents' awareness and perceived seriousness of adverse opioid effects, and their analgesic efficacy.

Behavioral Intervention and Disposal of Leftover Opioids: A Randomized Trial.

Objectives: Leftover prescription opioids pose risks to children and adolescents, yet many parents keep these medications in the home. Our objective in this study was to determine if providing a behavioral disposal method (ie, Nudge) with or without a Scenario-Tailored Opioid Messaging Program (STOMP) (risk-enhancement education) improves parents' opioid-disposal behavior after their children's use.

Methods: Parents whose children were prescribed a short course of opioids were recruited and randomly assigned to the Nudge or control groups with or without STOMP.