A longitudinal single-cell atlas of anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.

Precision medicine in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) requires a cellular understanding of treatment response. We describe a therapeutic atlas for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) following adalimumab, an anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment. We generated ~1 million single-cell transcriptomes, organised into 109 cell states, from 216 gut biopsies (41 subjects), revealing disease-specific differences.

Brain tissue classification from stereoelectroencephalographic recordings.

Background: Stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) recordings can be performed before final resective surgery in some drug-resistant patients with focal epilepsies. For good SEEG signal interpretation, it is important to correctly identify the brain tissue in which each contact is inserted. Tissue classification is usually done with the coregistration of CT scan (with implanted SEEG electrodes) with preoperative MRI.

Distance learning in higher education during COVID-19: The role of basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation for persistence and procrastination-a multi-country study.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher educational institutions worldwide switched to emergency distance learning in early 2020. The less structured environment of distance learning forced students to regulate their learning and motivation more independently. According to self-determination theory (SDT), satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and social relatedness affects intrinsic motivation, which in turn relates to more active or passive learning behavior.

High Field MicroMRI Velocimetric Measurement of Quantitative Local Flow Curves.

Performing rheo-microMRI velocimetry at a high magnetic field with strong pulsed field gradients has clear advantages in terms of (chemical) sensitivity and resolution in velocities, time, and space. To benefit from these advantages, some artifacts need to be minimized. Significant sources of such artifacts are chemical shift dispersion due to the high magnetic field, eddy currents caused by the pulsed magnetic field gradients, and possible mechanical instabilities in concentric cylinder (CC) rheo-cells.

Manipulation of Recrystallization and Network Formation of Oil-Dispersed Micronized Fat Crystals.

A detailed investigation was carried out on the modulation of the coupling between network formation and the recrystallization of oil-dispersed micronized fat crystal (MFC) nanoplatelets by varying oil composition, shear, and temperature. Sunflower (SF) and bean (BO) oils were used as dispersing media for MFC nanoplatelets. During MFC dispersion production at high shear, a significant increase in the average crystal thickness (ACT) could be observed, pointing to recrystallization of the MFC nanoplatelets.

Public Health Care Financing and the Costs of Cancer Care: A Cross-National Analysis.

Expenditure and financing aspects in the healthcare system in general, and in cancer care in particular, are subjects of increasing concern to the medical community. Nowadays, it is imperative for the healthcare system to respond to the challenge of universal access to quality healthcare, by measuring the financial resources within the healthcare sector. The purpose of this review is to highlight the major gaps in the healthcare expenditures for all types of care, as well as on cancer and anti-cancer drugs across 28 European Union member states.

Networks of micronized fat crystals grown under static conditions.

Dispersing micronized fat crystals (MFCs) in oil is a novel route to largely decouple fat crystallisation and network formation and thus to simplify the manufacture of fat-continuous food products. MFCs dispersed in oil form a weak-interaction network organized by crystal aggregates in a continuous net of crystalline nanoplatelets. The rough surface of MFC nanoplatelets hampers stacking into one-dimensional aggregates, which explains the high mass fractal dimensions of the networks formed in MFC dispersions.

Global accumulation of circRNAs during aging in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Background: Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a newly appreciated class of RNAs that lack free 5' and 3' ends, are expressed by the thousands in diverse forms of life, and are mostly of enigmatic function. Ostensibly due to their resistance to exonucleases, circRNAs are known to be exceptionally stable. Previous work in Drosophila and mice have shown that circRNAs increase during aging in neural tissues.

SPECT/CT localization of oral radioiodine activity: a retrospective study and in-vitro assessment.

Purpose: We sought to further localize radioiodine activity in the mouth on post-thyroid cancer therapy imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients (58) who underwent thyroid cancer therapy with iodine-131 (131I) at our institution from August 2009 to March 2011 whose post-therapy radioiodine imaging included neck SPECT/CT. A small group (six) of diagnostic 131I scans including SPECT/CT was also reviewed.

Overcoming interfacial affinity issues in natural fiber reinforced polylactide biocomposites by surface adsorption of amphiphilic block copolymers.

This work demonstrates that the interfacial properties in a natural fiber reinforced polylactide bio-composite can be tailored through surface adsorption of amphiphilic and biodegradable poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-lactide) (PEG-PLLA) block copolymers. The deposition from solvent solution of PEG-PLLA copolymers onto the fibrous substrate induced distinct mechanisms of molecular organization at the cellulosic interface, which are correlated to the hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratios and the type of solvent used. The findings of the study evidenced that the performance of the corresponding biocomposites with polylactide were effectively enhanced by using these copolymers as interfacial coupling agents.

Modal control of mechanically coupled NEMS arrays for tunable RF filters.

A novel tuning strategy of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)-based filters is proposed based on the modal control of mechanically coupled NEMS arrays. This is done by adjusting separately addressed distributed actuation and detection configurations proportionally to desired modal vectors. This control scheme enhances the global output signal, raising the power handling of the filter on all channels.

Acylmethyl(aryl)tellurium(IV,II) derivatives: intramolecular secondary bonding and steric rigidity.

Electrophilic substitution of acylmethanes (methyl ketones), RCOCH3 (R = i-Pr, 1; Et, 2; Me, 3) with aryltellurium trichlorides, ArTeCl3 (Ar = 1-C10H7, Np, A; 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, Mes, B; 4-MeOC6H4, Anisyl, C) under mild conditions affords the corresponding acylmethyl(aryl)tellurium dichlorides (RCOCH2)ArTeCl2. Reduction of the dichlorides, gives tellurides, (i-PrCOCH2)ArTe, 1A-1C, which give the corresponding dihalides, (i-PrCOCH2)ArTeX2 (X = Cl, 1Aa-1Ca; Br, 1Ab-1Cb; I, 1Ac-1Cc) when reacted in situ with SO2Cl2, Br2 or I2. The unsymmetric tellurides are labile towards disproportionation and attempts to obtain them lead to the isolation of Ar2Te2 except in the case of (i-PrCOCH2)MesTe (1B), which represents an interesting example of a kinetically stable aryl(alkyl)telluride.

Validating a pencil-and-paper measure of perimenopausal menstrual blood loss.

In the study presented here, we describe our efforts to develop and validate a new measurement tool for perimenopausal menstrual blood loss. We validate this simple-to-use, subjective pencil-and-paper scale, the Mansfield-Voda-Jorgensen Menstrual Bleeding Scale (MVJ), against an objective measure, the weight of used menstrual products. Thirty-one women from the Minneapolis-St.

Midlife women's attributions for their sexual response changes.

This study focused on the sexual response changes of 280 mostly White, married, highly educated midlife women and on the attributions they made for these changes. In a U.S.

Chinese midlife women's perceptions and attitudes about menopause.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to discover and describe the meaning of and attitudes toward menopause in midlife Chinese women in Taiwan. How these women learned about menopause was also explored.

Design: Questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of 208 Chinese women aged 35 to 55 living in Taiwan; 168 responded.

Woman-centered information on menopause for health care providers: findings from the Midlife Women's Health Survey.

Despite their growing numbers, midlife women continue to feel marginalized by a health care system that is unresponsive to their needs for current information about the perimenopausal experience and for egalitarian, woman-centered care. In this article, the authors call upon physicians, health educators, nurses, counselors, and other health providers to meet the consumer needs of this ever-growing clientele. To this end, they provide data-based information derived from the responses of more than 400 middle-aged women from across the United States to annual Midlife Women's Health Surveys from 1990 to 1993.

Eskimo women and a menstrual cycle study: some ethnographic notes.

This article examines ethnographic data collected from indigenous Alaskan women who participated in a menstrual cycle study conducted by The Tremin Trust Research Program, initially known as the Menstruation and Reproductive History Program (MRH). In the 1960s, the MRH program was expanded to Alaska to study non-Caucasian women's menstrual cycles. In addition, an ethnographer collected data through participation observation from some 345 women who participated in the MRH study.

Risks and benefits associated with hormonal and surgical therapies for healthy midlife women.

The view that menopause is a disease is dominant in Westernized societies, where menopause has long been considered an estrogen deficiency disease and, more recently, an endocrinopathy. The definition of menopause as disease has its origins in patriarchal views and beliefs about women as defective and imperfect, likened to machines that continually need to be fixed. This view of menopause has overshadowed the concept of menopause as a normal biological event, resulting in increased pressure to prescribe steroid sex hormones and perform surgical interventions on healthy women to prevent disease.

Seasonal characteristics of and age at menarche.

Data from approximately 600 U.S. women were analyzed for seasonality in menarche.

Seasonal characteristics of and age at menarche.

Several patterns in menarche are evident over time and across populations which vary by ethnicity, socioeconomic status and altitude of residence: peak occurrence of menarche in January and August with a possible minor peak in April; troughs in the occurrence of menarche to either side of the peak months; and secular trends in season and age patterns of menarche. Contradictory patterns in season of menarche with respect to age at menarche and season of menarche with respect to season of birth are still unresolved. Further research is yet required to evaluate the role of the variety of endogenous and exogenous variables and their interactions on menarche in order to more fully develop an appropriate understanding of the chronobiology of developmental and reproductive phenomena in women and their dependence upon environmental quality and temporal cues.

Circadian rhythms in hot flashes in natural and surgically-induced menopause.

The aim of this study was to investigate circadian and ultradian variations in menopausal hot flash. The number of hot flashes per 2-hr period was collected from 25 diurnally-active, perimenopausal women for 1 week in January or February of each year for 3 consecutive years. Fourteen women were experiencing natural menopause (NM) (mean age 51.