Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin treated by cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy at the Bulovka University Hospital.

Introduction: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PK) of colorectal origin is a malignant tumour of the peritoneum caused by spreading of colorectal carcinoma (KRK) over the peritoneal surface of the abdominal cavity and its organs. PK occurs as a synchronous tumour in 1520% of patients, and as metachronous disease in 2550% of patients.

Methods: A group of 66 patients operated on for PK was retrospectively evaluated; 18 patients were excluded due to insufficient data.

Sacral neuromodulation for faecal incontinence - 10 years experience and long-term outcomes of a specialized centre.

Introduction: Sacral neuromodulation/sacral nerve stimulation (SNM/SNS) has become the most successful method for treatment of faecal incontinence (FI) in the last 10 years. The high efficiency of SNM is based on the electrical stimulation of the external anal sphincter and moreover the mechanism of action of SNS can be explained by the modulation of somatovisceral reflexes and perceptions of afferent information. Therefore the mechanism of action is more complex in contrast to other methods of treatment.

Peritoneal surface malignancy spread reoperations after cytoreductive surgery + HIPEC.

Introduction: Peritoneal malignancies (PM) are observed in about 1030% of patients suffering from gastrointestinal malignant diseases, both in connection with the primary surgical management or as metachronous metastases due to cancer recurrence.

Methods: In the 1980s a new method of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) + HIPEC (hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy) was introduced. Today, we consider this method to be the gold standard for treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei and peritoneal mesothelioma.

Simulations of centriole of polarized centrosome as a monopole antenna in immune and viral synapses.

The immune synapse (IS) is a temporary interface between an antigen-presenting cell and an effector lymphocyte. Viral synapse is a molecularly organized cellular junction that is structurally similar to the IS. Primary cilium is considered as a functional homologue of the IS due to the morphological and functional similarities in architecture between both micotubule structures.

The changes of tumour vascular endothelial growth factor expression after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma.

Aim Of The Study: The aim was to examine the effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on VEGF expression in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: A total of 53 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were retrospectively studied. Neoadjuvant treatment comprised external beam radiation (50.

NF-κB/p65 expression before and after treatment in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy and surgery: prognostic marker for disease progression and survival.

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), especially p65 subunit, has been associated with origin and progression of cancer as well as with the resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in experimental models. The aim of the present study was to determine expression of NF-κB/p65 in tumor specimens before and after treatment of rectal cancer patients and to evaluate possible relationship between expression of NF-κB/p65 before and after (chemo)radiotherapy, other tumor characteristics and the clinical outcome. Furthermore, NF-κB/p65 was studied in relationship to pathologic response to preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy.

Transient and Non-Transient Intussusceptions of the Large Bowel in Adults: Two Case Reports.

Background: Intussusception of the large bowel in adults is a very rare pathological condition. However, it has its clinical importance because intussusception is very often associated with an intraluminal lesion.

Case Report: We report two cases of the large bowel intussusception, ileocolic and colorectal.

Dissociated invasively growing cancer cells with NF-kappaB/p65 positivity after radiotherapy: a new marker for worse clinical outcome in rectal cancer? Preliminary data.

Objectives Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), especially p65 subunit, seems to be associated with origin and progression of cancer. The aim of the study was to determine expression of NF-kappaB/p65 in rectal cancer patients before and after radiotherapy as well as to assess the relationship between NF-kappaB/p65 expression, other tumor characteristics, and disease progression. Further aim was to evaluate whether expression of NF-kappaB/p65 in tumor tissue may serve as a predictive marker of patient outcome.

Sensitization of colorectal cancer cells to irradiation by IL-4 and IL-10 is associated with inhibition of NF-kappaB.

The efficiency of radiotherapy for rectal cancer treatment is limited because of radioresistance. Transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which has antiapoptotic properties, may play an important role in this process. Recent studies indicate that behavior of the tumor is done not only by oncogenic events in tumor cells but also by microenvironment surrounding the tumor.

[NF-kappaB, colorectal carcinoma and radiotherapy: results of a clinical and experimental study].

Resistance to radiotherapy often seen in rectal cancer patients requires intensive study of mechanisms taking part in this process. It seems that nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), especially its subunit p65, could play an important role in radioresistance. The aims of this study were: 1.

Constitutive NF-kappaB activity in colorectal cancer cells: impact on radiation-induced NF-kappaB activity, radiosensitivity, and apoptosis.

Constitutive NF-kappaB activity has been found in many cancer cells of different origin. In our study we focused on constitutive NF-kappaB activity and its impact on radiation-induced NF-kappaB activity, intrinsic radiosensitivity, and apoptosis. Using colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco-2, SW480, SW620) we demonstrated that each cell line expresses different level of constitutive NF-kappaB activity.

Intraluminal high dose rate brachytherapy of tumorous esophageal stenoses.

Background/aims: The prognosis of inoperable carcinomas of esophagus is poor, and therapeutic efforts are generally limited to palliation. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of intraluminal high dose rate brachytherapy in the palliative treatment of tumorous esophageal stenoses.

Methodology: Between February 1997 and July 2002 intraluminal brachytherapy was performed in 19 patients with inoperable esophageal carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma in 14 cases and adenocarcinoma in 5 cases).

Survival of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases treated by regional chemotherapy.

Background/aims: Liver is the most common site of metastatic disease in colorectal cancer. Superior response rate was demonstrated in trials comparing hepatic arterial administration of cytotoxic agents with systemic chemotherapy.

Methodology: Records of 109 consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver treated by regional chemotherapy, who underwent implantation of a port system into hepatic artery or portal vein tributaries between 1991 and 1999, were reviewed and survival was evaluated using the log-rank test and multivariate analysis (Cox's proportional hazard regression).

Regional chemotherapy in patients with breast carcinoma liver metastases.

Background/aims: Although liver is a common site of metastases in breast cancer, isolated liver metastases in patients with disseminated breast cancer are rare. The role of liver-directed therapies in these patients is based on data derived from retrospective analysis of case series.

Methodology: We have reviewed the records of 8 patients with liver metastases and a history of breast cancer treated at our institution over a period of 11 years with regional chemotherapy administered through surgically implanted port systems.

[The molecular screening of the stool for the colorectal carcinoma].

Background: Current screening methods of colorectal carcinoma are based on examination of occult bleeding in the stool, and further on endoscopic and irrigographical (barium enema) examinations. Population-based non-invasive screening method having high sensitivity and specificity is needed.

Methods: Detection of molecular alterations in colonocytes from the stool may be a promising new diagnostic tool for such screening.

Blood supply of metastatic liver tumors: an experimental study.

Based on experiments with 18 female mice with induced secondary liver tumors, the entire liver metastasis blood circulation including characterization of efferent drainage system is described. The center of liver metastases is supplied from capillaries originated from branches of the hepatic artery. From the capillaries, blood is led to the superficial venous network of the metastases and further to intrahepatic veins.

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in sarcoma liver metastases: a report of 6 cases.

Aims And Background: Liver metastases in patients with sarcoma are rare and associated with a poor prognosis. The experience with liver-directed therapies, eg hepatic arterial infusion, in these patients is limited.

Methods: Six patients with sarcoma metastatic to the liver (4 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 2 patients with leiomyosarcoma) were treated by hepatic arterial infusion in our center over a 12-year period.

[Cooperation between a surgeon and an interventional radiologist in cases of internal bleeding].

Introduction: Internal bleeding still remains a serious condition, which must be urgently diagnosed and treated. In the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové the diagnosis of the internal bleeding source and its consequent treatment is managed under cooperation between a surgeon and an interventional radiologist. A CASE-REVIEW: In the case-review section of this report, a total number of five patients with serious cases of internal bleeding, the source of which was diagnosed and treated under cooperation between the above mentioned specialists is presented.

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in gastric cancer: a report of four cases and analysis of the literature.

Aims And Background: Gastric cancer is associated with high mortality. Although the liver is a common site of metastases in this tumor, the experience with liver-directed therapies is limited.

Methods: We report a single-center experience involving four patients with liver metastases from gastric cancer treated by hepatic arterial infusion (HAI).

Successful treatment of infected vascular prosthetic grafts in the groin using conservative therapy with povidone-iodine solution.

Four cases of infected vascular prosthetic graft in the groin successfully treated with povidone-iodine solution using a conservative approach are described here. In all patients the same technique was used. After complete debridement, the prosthetic graft in the groin was completely exposed.

Inhibition of NF-kappa B augments sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid in colon cancer.

Background: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the most common antimetabolite used for the treatment of colorectal cancer, exerts its cytotoxic effects through the induction of apoptosis. Folinic acid potentiates the effect of 5-FU. Drug activity is currently limited as a result of inducible chemoresistance.

[Mycophenolate mofetil, a possible new immunosuppresant].

The mycophenolate mofetil, a prodrug of mycophenolic acid, is a new immunosuppressive drug with a specific mechanism of action consisting in the inhibition of T- and B-lymphocytes proliferation. A series of animal experiments showed efficiency of the mycophenolate mofetil administered in monotherapy or in combination with other immunosuppressants to prolong the survival of different allo- and xenotransplanted grafts. In clinical trials, the mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, and steroids demonstrated high efficacy in the prevention of acute rejection in the solid allotransplanted organs.