An ancient ecospecies of Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori disturbs the stomach lining during long-term colonization of its human host, with sequelae including ulcers and gastric cancer. Numerous H. pylori virulence factors have been identified, showing extensive geographic variation.

A single-nucleotide polymorphism in Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric cancer development.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various human genes are key factors in carcinogenesis. However, whether SNPs in bacterial pathogens are similarly crucial in cancer development is unknown. Here, we analyzed 1,043 genomes of the stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori and pinpointed a SNP in the serine protease HtrA (position serine/leucine 171) that significantly correlates with gastric cancer.

Comparative genomics of two Vietnamese Helicobacter pylori strains, CHC155 from a non-cardia gastric cancer patient and VN1291 from a duodenal ulcer patient.

Helicobacter pylori is involved in the etiology and severity of several gastroduodenal diseases; however, plasticity of the H. pylori genome makes complete genome assembly difficult. We report here the full genomes of H.

Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Study of Isolates from Myanmar and Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics.

Evaluation of resistance to antibiotics is crucial for treatment strategy in Myanmar. Moreover, the genetic mechanisms involved remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of infection, antibiotic resistance, and genetic mechanisms in Myanmar.

Surfactin reduces particulate matter-induced VCAM-1-dependent monocyte adhesion in human gingival fibroblasts by increasing Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression.

Background And Objectives: The mechanisms of particulate matter (PM) toxicity involve the generation of ROS and upregulation of proinflammatory molecules. Nrf2 is a multifunctional cytoprotective transcription factor that regulates the expression of various antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying molecules, such as HO-1. As surfactin has potential to induce Nrf2 activation and HO-1 expression, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of surfactin on PM-exposed human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and signaling pathways engaged by surfactin.

The potentials of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules in cancer treatment: An outlook from ROS biology and medicine.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is now well recognized a pivotal endogenous signaling molecule in mammalian lives. The proof-of-concept employing chemical carriers of exogenous CO as prodrugs for CO release, also known as CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), has been appreciated. The major advantage of CO-RMs is that they are able to deliver CO to the target sites in a controlled manner.

Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy and relevance of a novel ELISA system developed for seroepidemiologic surveys of Helicobacter pylori infection in African settings.

Beside diagnostic uncertainties due to the lack of a perfect gold standard test for Helicobacter pylori infection, the diagnosis and the prevalence estimation for this infection encounter particular challenges in Africa including limited diagnostic tools and specific genetic background. We developed and evaluated the accuracy of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system tailored for H. pylori genetics in Africa (HpAfr-ELISA).

Surfactin attenuates particulate matter-induced COX-2-dependent PGE production in human gingival fibroblasts by inhibiting TLR2 and TLR4/MyD88/NADPH oxidase/ROS/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of surfactin and underlying mechanisms against particulate matter (PM)-induced inflammatory responses in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Background: PM, a major air pollutant, may associate with certain oral diseases possibly by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Surfactin, a potent biosurfactant, possesses various biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity.

Pepsinogen and Serum IgG Detection Is a Valuable Diagnostic Method for Infection in a Low-Prevalence Country: A Report from Sri Lanka.

The use of serum anti- IgG and pepsinogen (PG) detection as a diagnostic method was evaluated in Sri Lanka. Gastric biopsies were performed (353 patients), and the prevalence of infection was 1.7% (culture) and 2.

Surfactin induces autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in human oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of surfactin on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: The capacity of surfactin to induce apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest of two different human OSCC cell lines was investigated by cell viability, acridine orange staining, and cell cycle regulatory protein expression, respectively. The signaling network underlying these processes were determined by the analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein levels, calcium release, mitogen-activated protein kinases activation, and cell cycle regulatory protein expression through corresponding reagents and experiments under various experimental conditions using specific pharmaceutical inhibitors or small interfering RNAs.

Protective mechanisms of Taiwanese green propolis toward high glucose-induced inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in human gingival fibroblasts.

Objective: To investigate protective effects of Taiwanese green propolis (TGP) against high glucose-induced inflammatory responses in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) through NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.

Background: NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the progression of both diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, suggesting a common potential therapeutic target for these diseases. Propolis is renowned for various biological activities, particularly anti-inflammation and antioxidant, representing a promising therapy for many conditions.

Helicobacter pylori type 4 secretion systems as gastroduodenal disease markers.

Although the type 4 secretion system of the integrating and conjugative elements (tfs ICE) is common in Helicobacter pylori, its clinical association with the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) have not yet been well-investigated. In this study, Vietnamese patient H. pylori samples (46 duodenal ulcer (DU), 51 non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC), 39 chronic gastritis (CG)) were fully sequenced using next-generation sequencing and assembled into contigs.

Serum Helicobacter pylori antibody reactivity in seven Asian countries using an automated latex aggregation turbidity assay.

Background And Aim: To determine the application range of diagnostic kits utilizing anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody, we tested a newly developed latex aggregation turbidity assay (latex) and a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (E-plate), both containing Japanese H. pylori protein lysates as antigens, using sera from seven Asian countries.

Methods: Serum samples (1797) were obtained, and standard H.

The Promising Role of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Disease via the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress Pathways: Updated Insights.

There is growing evidence on the involvement of oxidative stress, which is simply described as the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the former, in the development of periodontal disease that is the most common inflammatory disease in the oral cavity. Thus, the potential of antioxidant phytochemicals as adjunctively preventive and therapeutic agents against the initiation and progression of periodontal disease is a topic of great interest. The current review firstly aims to provide updated insights about the immuno-inflammatory pathway regulated by oxidative stress in periodontal pathology.

Spatial and molecular mapping of Pfkelch13 gene polymorphism in Africa in the era of emerging Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin: a systematic review.

The spread of Plasmodium falciparum isolates carrying mutations in the kelch13 (Pfkelch13) gene associated with artemisinin resistance (PfART-R) in southeast Asia threatens malaria control and elimination efforts. Emergence of PfART-R in Africa would result in a major public health problem. In this systematic review, we investigate the frequency and spatial distribution of Pfkelch13 mutants in Africa, including mutants linked to PfART-R in southeast Asia.

Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotype of Clinical Isolates.

We evaluated biofilm formation of clinical isolates from Indonesia and its relation to antibiotic resistance. We determined the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole and tetracycline by the Etest to measure the planktonic susceptibility of 101 strains. Biofilms were quantified by the crystal violet method.

Next-Generation Sequencing of the Whole Bacterial Genome for Tracking Molecular Insight into the Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical Isolates from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is increasingly needed to guide the () treatment but remains laborious and unavailable in most African countries. To assess the clinical relevance of bacterial whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based methods for predicting drug susceptibility in African , 102 strains isolated from the Democratic Republic of Congo were subjected to the phenotypic AST and next-generation sequencing (NGS). WGS was used to screen for the occurrence of genotypes encoding antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

A Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Approach to Identify Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance in Cambodian Clinical Isolates.

We evaluated the primary resistance of () to routinely used antibiotics in Cambodia, an unexplored topic in the country, and assessed next-generation sequencing's (NGS) potential to discover genetic resistance determinants. Fifty-five strains were successfully cultured and screened for antibiotic susceptibility using agar dilution. Genotypic analysis was performed using NGS data with a CLC genomic workbench.

Diffuse Gastric Cancer: A Summary of Analogous Contributing Factors for Its Molecular Pathogenicity.

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and ranks as the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Incidence and mortality differ depending on the geographical region and gastric cancer ranks first in East Asian countries. Although genetic factors, gastric environment, and infection have been associated with the pathogenicity and development of intestinal-type gastric cancer that follows the Correa's cascade, the pathogenicity of diffuse-type gastric cancer remains mostly unknown and undefined.

Molecular Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Minor Ethnic Group of Vietnam: A Multiethnic, Population-Based Study.

The -induced burden of gastric cancer varies based on geographical regions and ethnic grouping. Vietnam is a multiethnic country with the highest incidence of gastric cancer in Southeast Asia, but previous studies focused only on the Kinh ethnic group. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using 494 volunteers (18-78 years old), from 13 ethnic groups in Daklak and Lao Cai provinces, Vietnam.

Genetic populations and virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that has infected more than half of the human population worldwide. This bacterium is closely associated with serious human diseases, such as gastric cancer, and identifying and understanding factors that predict bacterial virulence is a priority. In addition, this pathogen shows high genetic diversity and co-evolution with human hosts.