Athlete biological passport: longitudinal biomarkers and statistics in the fight against doping.

As novel substances, short time windows, and limits of detection increasingly challenge direct methods of doping detection in sports, indirect tools inevitably take a greater role in the fight against it. One such tool is the athlete biological passport (ABP) - a longitudinal profiling of the measured haematological and biochemical biomarkers, combined with calculated scores, against the background of epidemiological data crucial for doping detection. In both of its modules, haematological and steroidal, ABP parameters are analysed with the Bayesian adaptive model, which individualises reference and cut-off values to improve its sensitivity.

Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Steatosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes as Assessed through Shear Wave Measurements and Attenuation Measurements.

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at risk of developing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We investigated the prevalence of compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) and steatosis in patients with T2D using the new non-invasive diagnostic methods of shear wave measurements (SWMs) and attenuation (ATT) measurements in comparison with those of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), which served as the reference methods. Among 214 T2D patients, steatosis at any grade and cACLD were revealed in 134 (62.

Inflammatory Gene Expression in Neck Perivascular and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Men With Carotid Stenosis.

The inflammatory phenotype of neck adipose tissue (NAT) might reflect its involvement in the pathogenesis of carotid atherosclerosis. We investigated inflammatory gene expression in the subcutaneous and the perivascular (pericarotid) adipose tissue from patients with carotid stenosis (CS) undergoing endarterectomy and a control group of patients without significant carotid atherosclerosis undergoing thyroid surgery. Only male patients were included (n = 13 in each study group).

Neck adipose tissue - tying ties in metabolic disorders.

Upper body adipose tissue accumulation has been associated with clustering of metabolic disorders and increased cardiovascular risk. Neck circumference (NC) indicated that subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in that region is an independent pathogenic depot that might account for the additional risk missed by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Neck adipose tissue (NAT) is not only one more ectopic depot but has several particular features that might modulate its metabolic role.

Under the Surface of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Biology.

The global obesity epidemic enhanced contemporary interest in adipose tissue biology. Two structurally and functionally distinct depots, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), are spread throughout the body. Their distribution was recognized to be a major determinant of metabolic risk.

Association of monocyte CCR2 expression with obesity and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women.

Purpose: Monocytes actively participate in inflammatory mechanisms that contribute to the development of adipose tissue dysfunction and atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of monocyte CCR2 chemokine receptor expression and intracellular oxidative burst with the metabolic and inflammatory factors related to body weight.

Methods: The study was performed in 67 postmenopausal women with normal, overweight and obese body mass index.

["Returning to the Sun" of Antun Branko Simić].

Antun Branko Simić, one of the greatest Croatian poets, died very young, at the age of 27, from tuberculosis. The history of his disease has not been reconstructed for eight decades although that could also open a more accurate view on his literary work. By uncovering the original documents, his disease and death could be positioned in historical, social and cultural context.

[Adipocytokines as mediators of metabolic role of adipose tissue].

The discovery of adipocytokines, products of adipose tissue, has been a turning point in the understanding of metabolic disorders. Historically considered as a passive depot of energy, adipose tissue has become an important active participant and adipocytokines crucial mediators of its metabolic role. Among a number of adipose tissue products, leptin and adiponectin are exclusively secreted by adipocytes.

Monocytes in metabolic disorders--opportunities for flow cytometry contributions.

Chronic inflammation has arised as a major underlying cause of atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes. It is mediated by cells of innate immune system like macrophages but also by their antecedents, circulating monocytes. Roles of monocyte subsets and different markers of monocyte activation in the context of metabolic disorders have been reviewed.

From ancient enigmas to novel paradigms: a depiction of multiple symmetric lipomatosis.

A rare case of multiple symmetric lipomatosis type 2 in a female patient was presented. New possible iconographic representations of multiple symmetric lipomatosis were considered and some metabolic aspects of this disease were reviewed.

Multiple symmetric lipomatosis type 2 in females--report of two cases.

Two patients with features of multiple symmetric lipomatosis type 2 are presented. This particular disorder with a characteristic distribution of fat should be considered on differential diagnosis of obesity. Besides being rare, it may occasionally be unrecognized, especially in females.