Regression of Cardiac Rhabdomyomas Producing a Severe Aortic Stenosis: Case Report and Discussion of the Literature.

We describe a case of a voluminous rhabdomyoma (R) detected by fetal echocardiography at 32 weeks' gestation (w.g.) obstructing the left ventricular inflow and aortic outflow tract, with a moderate aortic gradient at birth, not needing immediate surgery.

Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Heart Defects.

The prenatal assessment of congenital heart defects (CHD) and related fetal and maternal management is very challenging and delicate [...

Prenatal Diagnosis and Postnatal Outcomes of Left Brachiocephalic Vein Abnormalities: Systematic Review.

Abnormalities of the left brachiocephalic vein (LBCVA) are rare and poorly studied prenatally. An association with congenital heart defects (CHD), extracardiac and genetic abnormalities was described. The aim of our study was to estimate the rate and summarize the available evidence concerning prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies, and outcomes of these anomalies.

Prevalence of Congenital Heart Defects in Pregnancies Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Cohort Study.

Background And Aim Of The Study: Pregnancies obtained by assisted reproductive technology (ART) are associated with an increased risk of complications and congenital anomalies, particularly congenital heart defects (CHDs). Therefore, our aim is to evaluate, retrospectively, the prevalence of CHD in ART pregnancies in our two centers and analyze their characteristics and outcomes.

Methods: Observational study including fetuses conceived by ART referred between June 2011 and September 2020 and undergoing a fetal cardiac ultrasound scan.

Dural Sinus Arteriovenous Malformation in the Fetus. Case Report and Discussion of the Literature.

Sonographic findings of cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the fetus are uncommon and usually regard aneurysm of the Galen vein. Outcome of arteriovenous malformations is usually severe. We report a case of a fetus at 21 weeks' gestation with a rarer arteriovenous malformation, referred to us for echocardiography on account of a suspicious cardiomegaly at obstetrical scan.

Postnatal Outcome and Associated Anomalies of Prenatally Diagnosed Right Aortic Arch with Concomitant Right Ductal Arch: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Right aortic arch presents a reported incidence of 0.1% of the general population; the aim of our study was to evaluate the risk of associated intracardiac (ICA), extracardiac (ECA), or chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with right aortic arch (RAA) and concomitant right ductal arch (RDA). A systematic review of the literature selected 18 studies including 60 cases of RAA/RDA.

Adverse perinatal outcome and placental abnormalities in pregnancies with major fetal congenital heart defects: A retrospective case-control study.

Objective: The placental development has been shown to be compromised in pregnancies affected by fetal congenital heart defects (CHD). This study aimed to investigate the frequency of complications related to utero-placental insufficiency in pregnancies with and without major CHD.

Method: This retrospective case-control study was conducted at a Fetal Echocardiography Center in Milan.

Characteristics and outcomes of fetuses with laterality defects are the current outcomes better? A single center study.

To analyze the more recent outcomes of fetuses with different laterality defects. Out of 1508 fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) diagnosed by echocardiography between January 1995 and December 2015, 94 (6.3%) presented abnormal visceroatrial situs: 42 till December 2002 (group 1, analyzed retrospectively) and 52 since then until December 2015 (group 2, analyzed prospectively).

Prenatal Growth in Fetuses with Isolated Cyanotic and Non-Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects.

Background: Fetal growth may vary significantly in different congenital heart defects (CHDs).

Objectives: To investigate prenatal growth of CHD fetuses and its correlation with classifications based upon expected oxygen delivery to the fetal brain or structural findings.

Methods: Seventy-nine euploid fetuses with isolated CHD were recruited prospectively and categorized by the expected oxygen supply to the brain (low, intermediate, and high) or by the expected arterial mixing considering two categories (cyanotic or non-cyanotic).

Treatment of right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction: a multimodality approach.

The right timing to replace the pulmonary valve in a patient with dysfunction of the right ventricular outflow tract is unknown. Both percutaneous pulmonary valve and surgical prosthesis are suitable options. In every patient, the right ventricle (RV) remodels and recovers differently after pulmonary replacement.

Changed outcomes of fetuses with congenital heart disease: new Italian Multicentre study.

Objectives: To analyse the outcomes of fetuses with congenital heart disease between 2000 and 2005 in comparison to a previous multicentre study regarding the period 1983-1996.

Participants And Methods: Data of seven centres were prospectively collected, the inclusion criteria being a confirmed fetal diagnosis after birth or at autopsy and a known follow-up, for at least 6 months after birth. Data of 649 fetuses, median age at diagnosis 24 weeks' gestation (15-37), 340/649 (52.

Visualization of a Small Ventricular Septal Defect at First-pass Contrast-enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital heart disease that accounts for up to 40% of all congenital cardiac malformations. VSD is a connection between right and left ventricle, through the ventricular septum. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) help identify this entity.

Heart failure in pregnant women with cardiac disease: data from the ROPAC.

Objective: Heart failure (HF) is one of the most important complications in pregnant women with heart disease, causing maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.

Methods: This is an international observational registry of patients with structural heart disease during pregnancy. Sixty hospitals in 28 countries enrolled 1321 women between 2007 and 2011.

Cor triatriatum dexter: unusual features in utero and after birth.

Cor triatriatum dexter is a rare congenital anomaly, caused by the persistence of the right valve of the sinus venosus, which divides the right atrium into two chambers and its diagnosis is rather difficult, due to the features often mimicking Ebstein's anomaly. We describe a case followed from the foetal age for a relative right ventricular hypoplasia and suspicious pulmonary stenosis and diagnosed after birth to have cor triatriatum dexter with an obstructing membrane in the right atrium, needing surgical correction, done successfully.

Recurrence of congenital heart disease in cases with familial risk screened prenatally by echocardiography.

Objectives: To evaluate the recurrence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in pregnant women with familial risk who had been referred for fetal echocardiography.

Material And Methods: 1634 pregnancies from 1483 women with familial history of CHD in one or more relatives were studied. Fetal cardiologic diagnosis was compared with postnatal findings at 6 months or at autopsy.

Features and outcomes in utero and after birth of fetuses with myocardial disease.

Objectives. Ninety-one fetuses with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (DCM, HCM) and myocarditis were studied. Results.

Massive myocardial infarction in a full-term newborn: a case report.

A full-term female newborn with neonatal asphyxia and severe anemia (Hb 2.5 g/dL) with normal heart developed a massive myocardial infarction. No examinations were performed during pregnancy for parental nomadism.

Diagnosis and prognosis of fetal cardiomyopathies: a review.

Cardiomyopathies (CM) are a very rare disease in fetuses with a very poor outcome. Only isolated case reports and small case series were reported. According with published studies we will describe the fetal CM starting from their echocardiographic presentation: dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with dilatation of either or both ventricles and impaired ventricular function, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with different degree of disproportionate hypertrophy of the myocardial walls.

The impact of treatment of the fetus by maternal therapy on the fetal and postnatal outcomes for fetuses diagnosed with isolated complete atrioventricular block.

Objectives: to analyse retrospectively the data of fetuses diagnosed with isolated complete atrioventricular block and efficacy of treatment of the fetus by maternal therapy.

Materials: Between 1992 and 2004, we diagnosed complete atrioventricular block in 26 singleton and 2 twins fetuses of 27 pregnant women known to have anti Ro/La antibodies, 11 with autoimmune disease, one patient analysed in 2 pregnancies. At presentation, 20 of the fetuses were compensated and non-hydropic, while 8 had hydrops.

The natural course and the impact of therapies of cardiac involvement in the mucopolysaccharidoses.

Objective: To analyze cardiac involvement and its progression in mucopolysaccharidoses, and to assess the short term impact of new therapeutic strategies.

Patients And Methods: We studied echocardiographically 57 patients with various types of mucopolysaccharidoses, specifically types I, II, III, IV and VI, with a median age at the diagnosis of cardiac involvement of 5 years, following them for a median of 4.6 years, with a range from 0.

Transcatheter closure of congenital ventricular septal defects in adult: mid-term results and complications.

Introduction: Transcatheter treatment of congenital heart defects in adult patients is dramatically changing the way in which this population is being treated. This report outlines mid-term follow-up results and complications in adult patients that underwent transcatheter VSD closure.

Methods: The data of 40 adult patients who underwent transcatheter closure of a VSD at our institution were collected prospectively between January 2000 and June 2006.

Prospective evaluation from single centre of pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease.

Objectives: Study of outcomes of pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease.

Material And Methods: The cardiac state during and after pregnancy was analysed in 173 women (mean age 28 years, range 21-41) referred for fetal echocardiography and evaluation of maternal heart during 201 pregnancies. Acyanotic lesions were present in 152 women (100 operated), in 175 pregnancies; cyanotic lesions in 21, all operated, in 26 pregnancies.