[Delayed laparotomies in blunt injuries of the abdomen: incidence rates, causes, mortality rates and hospitalization times in a group of 139 operated patients. A retrospective study].

Introduction: Employment of visualizing methods and achievements of conservative treatment methods have a major influence on the management of blunt abdominal injuries. The aim of the study is to assess incidence rates of, possibly, delayed surgeries and complications.

Patients And Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis in a group of 139 operated patients.

[Surgical treatment of thyreopathies. Retrospective assessment of the authors' study group].

The aim of this study is to expose the change in the access to thyroid gland operations during last 10-15 years when increasing radicality of the operations means any more specific complications in condition of routine detection and visualisation of recurrent laryngeal nerve and sparing of parathyroid glands. Authors analyse 458 patients with thyroid gland disease operated during years 2000-2004. Overall incidence of temporary and permanent paresis of recurrent laryngeal nerve was 2.

[Personal experience with treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism].

The primary hyperparathyreosis needs the interdisciplinary approach. The ideal term for surgical intervention is the period of the latent HPT, that means the time, when the signs of irreversibly damaged organs are not yet present. In the Czech Republic they are approximately 100-300 such cases per year with the primary diagnosed HPT.

Increasing occurrence of oropharyngeal cancers among males in Slovakia.

The gradual decline of oropharyngeal cancers in postwar period was followed by their rapid increase during recent two decades among males in Slovakia. Overall age-adjusted incidence rates of cancers of oral cavity and pharynx increased from 4.5 in 1968-1970 to 20.

[Personal experience with surgery of retrosternal goiter].

Background: Retrosternal goitre has its specific features: a clinical picture with elements of compression, an increased percentage of malignant conversion, a technically more pretentious operation with an increased number of complications etc. Data in the literature are not uniform. The objective of the presented work was to assemble information in a large group of operated patients.

Thyroid cancer in Slovakia, 1968-1990: incidence, mortality and histological types.

Data on thyroid cancer incidence and mortality from the national cancer registry in Slovakia have been analysed for 1968-90, representing one of the first such descriptive epidemiological studies from Eastern Europe. The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over this period, particularly among women, from approximately 1.5 to 2.

The role of the registry in the study of relation between cancer and environment experiences from Slovakia.

Highly complete and detailed data on cancer incidence collected in National Cancer Registry of Slovakia in the years 1968-1988 contributed largely to the study of the relations between cancer occurrence and environment. The study of temporal trends of age-adjusted rates revealed the rapid increase of overall cancer incidence and mortality rates in males influenced mainly by extreme increase and high proportion of lung cancer. The lower but increasing overall incidence rates in females could be related to the increase in breast, other skin and genital organs cancers, while the stabilized mortality trends were caused by improving prognosis of these major cancers in females.

[Incidence of malignant tumors in Slovakia. I. Levels and trends 1968-1989].

In the period from 1968-1989 an increase in the overall incidence of malignant tumors was recorded in men. Of the individual localizations a particularly marked increase was recorded in tumors of the lung, followed by tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, urinary bladder, kidney (related to smoking), as well as of the testis and prostate gland. In women the values of overall incidence were lower and the trends were relatively stabilized.

[Intensive care in patients with intra-abdominal septic complications].

The authors investigated diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of intensive care units when treating septic conditions in intraabdominal surgery. The authors emphasize the comprehensive and systematic character of the follow up of patients who are threatened by sepsis. Care involves in particular aimed antimicrobial therapy, immunotherapy, normalization of haemodynamics and the acid-base balance and rational parenteral nutrition.

Recent trends in uterine cervix cancer in Slovakia, 1968-1987.

The temporal trends in the incidence and mortality of uterine cervix cancer in Slovakia were evaluated. Only highly reliable and complete data from 1968-1987 derived from the National Cancer Registry of Slovakia were used. Incidence rates have fallen in the first part of the period studied, but this trend has reversed and the incidence rates of this cancer site have risen since about 1976.

Development of registration and cancer incidence rates and trends in Slovakia.

The development of cancer registration, from the introduction of obligatory notification and the establishment of National Cancer Registry of Slovakia, is described. The activity of the registry is illustrated by the list of publications which have emanated from this institution in recent years. The survey is completed by the analysis of the incidence rates of individual cancer sites in the last 5-year period (1984-1988) and by their trends in the decade 1979-1988.

Epidemiological features of biliary tract cancer incidence in Slovakia.

This descriptive study is based on detailed data of biliary tract cancer incidence in Slovakia in the period 1968-1977. Age-adjusted incidence rates of biliary tract cancer in the given decade decreased in females while in males they showed a slight increase. The study of geographic distribution revealed diminishing incidence rates from west to the east in both sexes with extremely elevated rates in towns and suburban districts in males.

The role of registration in a nationwide cancer control program in Slovakia.

In comparison with the official statistics substantially higher, more reliable and more detailed cancer incidence and mortality rates were ascertained by the National Cancer Registry of Slovakia established in the frame work of a complex cancer control program initiated in Slovakia in 1976. The role of the registry in the evaluation of treatment, planning for material and personal resources, orientation of public education, improved classification of malignancies in childhood, in planning and evaluation of preventive measures as well as its experience with the use of the standard WHO system for cancer registries are described. A more important position for the registry in the continuous evaluation and current orientation of the cancer control program is suggested for the future.

[Subtotal thyroidectomy in the treatment of hyperthyroidism].

201 cases of hyperthyrotoxic goitre underwent surgery in the period from 1970 to 1977. The importance of team work is emphasized to make reliable decisions concerning indications for surgical or non-surgical treatment. It is stated, that still a considerable controversy remains between Old and New World, concerning both indications for surgical treatment, and extent of surgery in thyreotoxicoses of the G.