Composition and distribution of fatty acids in various lipid fractions in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.

Fatty acids (FA) in follicular fluid (FF) are present in an esterified form [triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids] or as non-esterified FA, which partly originate from blood. However, a comprehensive comparison of blood vs. FF FA in various lipid classes is missing.

The fatty acid composition in follicles is related to the developmental potential of oocytes up to the blastocyst stage: a single-centre cohort study.

Background: Advanced maternal age and obesity are associated with impaired female fertility. Moreover, fatty acids (FA) in follicular fluid (FF) play important roles in oocyte maturation and embryo development. However, the effects of body mass index (BMI), age, and FF FA composition on embryo development between days 3 and 5 and blastocyst stage on day 5 are still unclear.

The Ethyl Acetate Extract of the Marine Edible Gastropod Haliotis tuberculata coccinea: a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds.

The phylum Mollusca represents one of the largest groups of marine invertebrates. Nowadays, molluscan shellfish belonging to the classes Bivalvia and Gastropoda are of commercial interest for fisheries and aquaculture. Although bioactive properties of bivalve molluscs have been widely investigated and several dietary supplements have been brought to the market, the bioactive potentialities of marine gastropods are poorly documented.

Effects of a dietary supplement enriched in palmitoleic acid on fatty acid composition of follicular fluid, granulosa cell metabolism, and oocyte developmental capacity in early lactation dairy cows.

In high-yielding dairy cows, some fertility traits can be influenced by the fatty acid (FA) composition of the follicular fluid during early lactation. The first objective of the current study was to evaluate the potential of dietary supplements enriched in specific FA to influence the FA composition of follicular fluid lipid classes in early lactation dairy cows. The second objective was to determine the influence of the resulting follicular fluid FA composition on the folliculogenesis, lipid and energy metabolism of granulosa cells, as well as oocyte quality and embryo development.

Identifying and exploring biohydrogenating rumen bacteria with emphasis on pathways including trans-10 intermediates.

Background: Bacteria involved in ruminal formation of trans-10 intermediates are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying rumen bacteria that produce trans-10 intermediates from 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids.

Results: Pure cultures of 28 rumen bacterial species were incubated individually in the presence of 40 μg/mL 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6 or trans-11 18:1 under control or lactate-enriched (200 mM Na lactate) conditions for 24 h.

Invited review: Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: An update.

To meet the energy requirements of high-yielding dairy cows, grains and fats have increasingly been incorporated in ruminant diets. Moreover, lipid supplements have been included in ruminant diets under experimental or practical conditions to increase the concentrations of bioactive n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in milk and meat. Nevertheless, those feeding practices have dramatically increased the incidence of milk fat depression in dairy cattle.

Intra- and inter-individual variability of fatty acid composition of the follicular fluid in a cohort of 23 women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment.

Purpose: To examine the intra- and inter-individual variability in fatty acid composition of follicular fluid (FF) of 23 patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment.

Methods: The average coefficient of variation within each patient (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values of FF fatty acid composition as well as correlation between the fatty acid composition of individual, pooled or first-punctured follicles, were assessed.

Results: The proportions of 16:0, 18:0, cis-9 18:1, 18:2n-6, 20:5n-3, total MUFA and n-3 PUFA showed good reproducibility (CV < 10%).

Sharpea azabuensis: a ruminal bacterium that produces trans-11 intermediates from linoleic and linolenic acid.

To investigate the metabolism of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 by pure cultures of Sharpea azabuensis, two different strains (RL 1 and ST18) were each incubated in the presence of 40 µg ml 18:2n-6 or 18:3n-3. Pure cultures of Butyrivibriofibrisolvens D1 and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus P18 were included as control treatments. Similar to the metabolism of B.

Distinct blood and milk 18-carbon fatty acid proportions and buccal bacterial populations in dairy cows differing in reticulorumen pH response to dietary supplementation of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates.

Nine Holstein dairy cows were fed diets with increasing proportions of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates (RFCH) to investigate the effect on reticular pH, milk fat content (MFC), 18-carbon fatty acid proportions in blood plasma and milk, and bacterial community in buccal swab samples. Inter-animal variation was expected in terms of reticular pH response upon higher RFCH proportions, which would be reflected in the occurrence or not of milk fat depression (MFD). Moreover, this variation in occurrence of MFD was hypothesized to be related to differences in blood and milk fatty acid proportions and in the bacterial community in buccal samples.

Susceptibility of dairy cows to subacute ruminal acidosis is reflected in milk fatty acid proportions, with C18:1 trans-10 as primary and C15:0 and C18:1 trans-11 as secondary indicators.

The current study was carried out to assess 2 hypotheses: (1) cows differ in susceptibility to a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge, and (2) the milk fatty acid (FA) pattern can be used to differentiate susceptible from nonsusceptible cows. For this, 2 consecutive experiments were performed. During experiment 1, the milk FA pattern was determined on 125 cows fed an increasing amount of concentrate during the first 4 wk in milk (WIM).

Rumen Biohydrogenation and Microbial Community Changes Upon Early Life Supplementation of 22:6-3 Enriched Microalgae to Goats.

Dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched products inhibits the final step of biohydrogenation in the adult rumen, resulting in the accumulation of 18:1 isomers, particularly of ()-11 18:1. Occasionally, a shift toward the formation of 10 intermediates at the expense of 11 intermediates can be triggered. However, whether similar impact would occur when supplementing DHA-enriched products during pregnancy or early life remains unknown.

Promising perspectives for ruminal protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids through polyphenol-oxidase-mediated crosslinking of interfacial protein in emulsions.

Previously, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from linseed oil were effectively protected (>80%) against biohydrogenation through polyphenol-oxidase-mediated protein crosslinking of an emulsion, prepared with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) extract from potato tuber peelings. However, until now, emulsions of only 2 wt% oil have been successfully protected, which implies serious limitations both from a research perspective (e.g.

Maternal metabolic stress may affect oviduct gatekeeper function.

We hypothesized that elevated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) modify bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) metabolism and barrier function. Hereto, BOECs were studied in a polarized system with 24-h treatments at Day 9: (1) control (0 µM NEFA + 0% EtOH), (2) solvent control (0 µM NEFA + 0.45% EtOH), (3) basal NEFA (720 µM NEFA + 0.

Mucosa-associated biohydrogenating microbes protect the simulated colon microbiome from stress associated with high concentrations of poly-unsaturated fat.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may affect colon microbiome homeostasis by exerting (specific) antimicrobial effects and/or interfering with mucosal biofilm formation at the gut mucosal interface. We used standardized batch incubations and the Mucosal-Simulator of the Human Microbial Intestinal Ecosystem (M-SHIME) to show the in vitro luminal and mucosal effects of the main PUFA in the Western diet, linoleic acid (LA). High concentrations of LA were found to decrease butyrate production and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii numbers dependent on LA biohydrogenation to vaccenic acid (VA) and stearic acid (SA).

Biohydrogenation of 22:6n-3 by Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus P18.

Background: Rumen microbes metabolize 22:6n-3. However, pathways of 22:6n-3 biohydrogenation and ruminal microbes involved in this process are not known. In this study, we examine the ability of the well-known rumen biohydrogenating bacteria, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens D1 and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus P18, to hydrogenate 22:6n-3.

Polyphenol Oxidase Containing Sidestreams as Emulsifiers of Rumen Bypass Linseed Oil Emulsions: Interfacial Characterization and Efficacy of Protection against in Vitro Ruminal Biohydrogenation.

The low transfer in ruminants of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids to the milk or peripheral tissues is largely due to ruminal biohydrogenation. Lipids emulsified by a polyphenol oxidase (PPO) rich protein extract of red clover were shown before to be protected against this breakdown after cross-linking with 4-methylcatechol. Protein extracts of 13 other vegetal resources were tested.

Effect of adsorbants on in vitro biohydrogenation of 22:6n-3 by mixed cultures of rumen microorganisms.

Studies on microbial biohydrogenation of fatty acids in the rumen are of importance as this process lowers the availability of nutritionally beneficial unsaturated fatty acids for incorporation into meat and milk but also might result in the accumulation of biologically active intermediates. The impact was studied of adsorption of 22:6n-3 (DHA) to particulate material on its disappearance during 24 h in vitro batch incubations with rumen inoculum. Four adsorbants were used in two doses (1 and 5 mg/ml of mucin, gum arabic, bentonite or silicic acid).

Postruminal synthesis modifies the odd- and branched-chain fatty acid profile from the duodenum to milk.

Milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) have been suggested as potential biomarkers for rumen function. The potential of milk OBCFA as a biomarker depends on whether their profile reflects the profile observed in the duodenum. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the OBCFA profile in duodenum samples is reflected in plasma and milk.

Secreted phospholipase A2 inhibitor modulates fatty acid composition and reduces obesity-induced inflammation in Beagle dogs.

Secreted phospholipase A2 inhibitor (sPLA2i) has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory function by blocking the production of inflammatory mediators. Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of sPLA2i on inflammation, oxidative stress and serum fatty acid profile in dogs.

Effects of birth weight and maternal dietary fat source on the fatty acid profile of piglet tissue.

This study aimed to investigate the effects and possible interactions of birth weight and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation of the maternal diet on the fatty acid status of different tissues of newborn piglets. These effects are of interest as both parameters have been associated with pre-weaning mortality. Sows were fed a palm oil diet or a diet containing 1% linseed, echium or fish oil from day 73 of gestation.

Protection of polyunsaturated oils against ruminal biohydrogenation and oxidation during storage using a polyphenol oxidase containing extract from red clover.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) are to a large extent subject to biohydrogenation in a ruminal environment, which results to the healthy value of these PUFA being lost upon dietary addition to ruminants. PUFA are also prone to lipid oxidation upon storage. Therefore, it was tested whether emulsions could be protected against in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation and oxidation during storage by using protein extracts rich in polyphenol oxidase, an enzyme responsible for browning of plant tissues.

Failure of a dietary model to affect markers of inflammation in domestic cats.

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation can be altered by dietary factors in various species. However, little data are available in true carnivorous species such as domestic cats. As numerous anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative additives become available and might be of use in cats with chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases, the current study aimed to develop a model of diet-induced inflammation by use of two opposite diets.

Rumen metabolism of 22:6n-3 in vitro is dependent on its concentration and inoculum size, but less dependent on substrate carbohydrate composition.

Ruminal disappearance of linoleic and linolenic acid has been studied extensively. Less is known of the metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). The aim of this study was to identify factors which affect the disappearance of 22:6n-3 during in vitro batch incubations using rumen fluid from sheep.

Fatty acid composition of the follicular fluid of normal weight, overweight and obese women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment: a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Background: It has been well documented that the maturing oocyte is very vulnerable to changes in its micro-environment, the follicular fluid (FF). Recent research has focused on different components within this FF, like hormones, growth factors and metabolites, and how their concentrations are altered by diet and the metabolic health of the mother. It has been proposed that fatty acids (FAs) are potential factors that influence oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development.