A phase 1b study of the allosteric extracellular FGFR2 inhibitor alofanib in patients with pretreated advanced gastric cancer.

Alofanib is a small-molecule allosteric extracellular FGFR2 inhibitor. We report safety and preliminary efficacy from the first-in-human phase 1b study of alofanib in heavily pretreated patients with advanced gastric cancer. The standard dose-escalation design 3+3 aimed to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D).

RS4673 and pon1 level in blood plasma - new prospects in prediction and early diagnostics of anthracycline-mediated cardiotoxicity.

The purpose of this study was to research the effectiveness of molecular genetic tests based on the determination of the rs4673 CYBA polymorphism (c.242C>T) and the level of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in the blood plasma of patients with breast cancer (BC) for predicting and diagnosing anthracycline-mediated cardiotoxicity (AMC). The genotyping of rs4673 CYBA (c.

Polymorphisms rs4673 and rs28714259 in predicting anthracycline-mediated cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer.

Introduction: Against the background of significant progress in anticancer therapy, which makes it possible to improve the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with cancer, anthracycline antibio-tics retain their relevance, both for scientific research and for clinical practice. However, the therapeutic efficacy of anthracyclines is associated with the development of various complications, among which the most common is cardiotoxicity. Our study was dedicated to searching for possible associations between rs4673 and rs28714259 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients who underwent anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.

Overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus: a report from the RENSUR3 registry.

Background: Real-world data describing outcomes of treatment among metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients are limited and heterogeneous.

Aim: RENSUR3 registry study assessed real-world data on the use of therapies in mRCC and overall survival (OS) in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus.

Methods: Patients were included in the retrospective multicenter registry study.

EGFR mutations and tumor metastases in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer in the South of Russia.

Purpose: To assess the frequencies of somatic EGFR mutations in the tumor tissues of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) residing in the South of Russia (SR), and to define the relationship between genetic subtypes of NSCLC and the emergence of different types of metastases.

Methods: DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed parrafin embedded (FFPE) samples of 721 patients. A total of 29 somatic EGFR mutations were detected using commercial Therascreen EGFR RGQ PCR Kit.

Five-year Survival of Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Russian Federation: Results From the RENSUR5 Registry.

Background: The 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has been rarely reported. The aim of the RENSUR5 registry study was to obtain real-world data on the use of therapy for mRCC and assess the 5-year OS in the Russian population.

Patient And Methods: Patients were retrospectively identified at 11 cancer centers in different regions of Russia (Astrakhan, Barnaul, Ekaterinburg, Kazan, Krasnoyarsk, Obninsk, Omsk, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, St.

[Experience with the use of palonosetron (onicit) in patients with solid tumors receiving cytostatic therapy].

Nausea and vomiting are among adverse effects of chemotherapy that significantly worsen quality of life of patients. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have been used in recent decades to prevent and arrest these complications. Palonosetron is the most modern drug in this group.

[Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer].

The article presents immediate results of neoadjuvant treatment of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer and an evaluation of the toxicity of cetuximab. Standard chemotherapy in combination with targeted therapy with cetuximab showed its high effectiveness and satisfactory tolerance.

[The role of assessing UGT1A1 gene polymorphism in the prediction of irinotecan-induced toxicity in the course of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer].

There was performed a molecular genetic study of UGTlAl gene allelic variants polymorphism in patients with colorectal cancer who had had chemotherapy irinotecan-containing regimens FOLFIRI. Comparison of toxicity and the results of polymorphism of UGTlAl showed that dose-limiting hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities in patients with moderate and high risk of toxicity were higher (p = 0.050- 0.

[The relationship between EGFR mutation and clinico-pathological features of lung adenocarcinoma in residents of southern Russia].

The study was designed to analyse the relationship between EGFR mutation and clinico-pathological features of lung adenocarcinoma in residents of southern Russia taking account oftheir age and sex, localization of the primary tumour, its cell differentiation, regional metastases, stage of disease and smoking status of the patients with mutant and wild-type EGFR genes. The frequency analysis included 29 somatic mutations in EGFR exones 18-21. The study revealed statistically significant associations of EGFR gene mutations with gender, smoking and stage of disease.

[State of collective immunity against poliomyelitis in some regions of Russia].

Aim: Study the state of collective immunity against poliomyelitis in 7 regions of Russia in the last 3 years.

Materials And Methods: 2579 sera were studied for antibodies against poliomyelitis virus. Antibodies (AT) against 3 types of viruses were determined in neutralization reaction in RD cell culture, the state of collective immunity in the examined individuals was evaluated by the percent of individuals with AT against a type of poliovirus and geometric mean AT titer.

Sorafenib in combination with oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil (modified FOLFOX6) as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: the RESPECT trial.

Purpose: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIb study evaluated adding sorafenib to first-line modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Experimental Design: Patients were randomized to sorafenib (400 mg b.i.

[Sweat gland polyneoplasia with extensive metastases].

The paper describes a case of sweat gland polyneoplasia with extensive metastases in a 47-year-old woman, which is indicative of extreme malignancy of this tumor.

Potentiometric assessment of iron release during ferritin reduction by exogenous agents.

This work studied the possibilities for quantitative determination of iron mobilization in connection with ferritin reduction by ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and sodium dithionite in vitro. The iron storage protein was incubated with an excess of reductant in aerobic conditions in the absence of complexing agents in the medium. The release of Fe(2+) was let to go to completion, and the overall content of Fe(2+) in the solution was evaluated with the aid of potentiometric titration using Ce(4+) as an oxidizing titrant.

Increasing the sensitivity of the spectrophotometric determinations of the oxygen content in YBCO superconducting samples using the I(3-)-starch compound.

The conditions for formation of the I(3)(-)-starch compound and measuring its absorbance have been found, and a spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of the oxygen content in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y) superconducting bulk samples. The method involves the following stages: a decomposition of the sample in an acid medium in the presence of iodide ions under inert atmosphere; formation of a complex between Cu(II) and glycine; binding the I(3)(-)-complex with a starch and the absorbance measurement of the colored I(3)(-)-starch compound. The coefficient of the active oxygen is calculated by the ratio of the absorbances of two solutions and the method does not require both calibration and precise measuring sample mass.

[Peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment of patients with hyposialosis].

33 patients with complaints of hyposalivation (21 in a 33 with syaloadenopatya and 12 in a 33 with syalosis out of the acute stage of disease) were examined. Complex examination of the saliva glands, analysis of the haemokynes in the various mediums of organism and thyoles compounds in the blood plasma was carried out. Tendency to increase in contents of haemokynes in the mixed saliva and in the tissue samples (from low in the syaloadenopatya to expressed in the syalosis) was revealed.

[Optimal conditions for producing immunomodulating effect of epithalamine as component of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using autoplasma and autoblood in patients with locally advanced breast cancer].

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to 105 patients with locally advanced breast cancer after incubation of cytostatics with autoplasma (APCT) and autoblood (AHCT). Most of them also received epithalamine after incubation with AHCT. That significantly improved such parameters of cellular immunity as T-cell content, their subset distribution and function.

[Effect of epithalamin on free-radical reactions in the formed elements of blood from breast cancer patients].

Translocation of cytomedins into the cell is determined by their interaction with cellular membranes. The investigation concerned membrane-associated free-radical reactions in the formed elements of blood incubated with epithalamin. The antioxidative effect of epithalamin on such elements as red blood cells and lymphocytes sampled from breast cancer patients manifested itself as enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes and elevated concentrations of fat-soluble antioxidative vitamins in the membranes.

[Effect of new chemotherapeutic methods on the biologic tissue environment and on the immune status of patients with breast cancer].

Standard (SCT), autoplasmochemotherapy using cytostatics preincubation with autoplasma (APCT) and autoblood (autohemochemotherapy--AHCT) were compared to evaluate their effects on locally advanced breast tumors. SCT showed marked immunosuppressor effect while APCT and, particularly, AHCT--a sparing one. The use of the latter modalities involved significantly higher levels of active T-, NK- and cytotoxic CD+ 8 cells.

[Effect of chemotherapeutical agents on the structure and function of blood serum albumin in breast cancer].

Superoxide-removing activity, the number of sulfo-hydryl NH2-groups and groups, mean mass molecular concentration, free and antioxidant activity of albumin were determined in blood serum and its albumin fraction in 20 patients with breast cancer T3-4N1-2Mo, before and after incubation with cyclophosphamide, adriablastin, methotrexate and vincristine at concentrations used in clinic. Our data suggested that, following incubation with blood plasma, chemotherapeutic drugs bound to albumin fraction and protein fragmentation took place. Preincubation of blood plasma with the drugs and their immobilization on albumin molecules caused protein fragmentation to occur.

LDL-receptor gene polymorphism in patients with early-onset coronary artery disease.

Simultaneous amplification of the promoter and 17 (out of 18) exons of the LDL-R gene (along with flanking intron sequences) was performed in 36 patients with hypercholesterolemia and early-onset coronary artery disease. The identification of the PCR-products on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed 34 cases of heteroduplexes in 24 patients. The heteroduplexes in exons 12, 10, and 2 (31%, 28% and 22%, respectively) probably reflect common polymorphism of LDL-R gene, while heteroduplexes in exons 6, 4 and 13 are less frequent (5.

[A clinical and experimental validation of the use of Stimuloss in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis].

The pharmacological effect of hydroxyapatite and a composition based on it in the form of Stimulos sponge has been studied in human osteogenic tissue culture. Hydroxyapatite stimulated the biosynthetic processes in the cells. Addition of chlorohexidine and thymogen to the composition in order to increase its antibacterial activity did not decrease the osteoinductive properties of the drug.

[An experimental and clinical study of Ossocol, a compound of hydroxylapatite and collagen].

Experiments on white rats revealed that introduction of Ossocol, a sponge with a composition of hydroxyl apatite with collagen, into a removed tooth well prevented mandibular atrophy and was conducive to a more smooth defect filling with better compact bone tissue. Ossocol use in 214 patients with bone tissue defects developing after tooth removal, of odontogenic cysts, sequestra, and after radical surgery for periodontal diseases demonstrated a positive effect of this agent on the course of the postoperative period: the defect was more rapidly replaced by bone tissue. No unfavorable local or general reactions to Ossocol implantation were observed.