Biomimetic Silicone Surfaces for Antibacterial Applications.

Biomimetic patterning emerges as a promising antibiotic-free approach to protect medical devices from bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. The main advantage of this approach lies in its simplicity and scalability for industrial applications. In this study, we employ it to produce antibacterial coatings based on silicone materials, widely used in the healthcare industry.

Raman spectroscopic and TEM monitoring of selenite and selenate reduction by the bacterium Azospirillum thiophilum with the formation of selenium(0) nanoparticles: Effects of sulfate.

Microbial reduction of selenium oxyanions, highly soluble, mobile and toxic inorganic selenium compounds, to insoluble selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) is a widely spread phenomenon which is of geochemical, environmental and biotechnological importance. While selenite bioreduction is known for a wide variety of microorganisms, selenate bioreduction is not so common and has mostly been documented for anaerobes, with merely a few reported cases related to aerobic or microaerobic conditions. In some biogenic Se NPs of microbial origin, the presence of sulfur was detected together with selenium in Se NPs, particularly when increased concentrations of sulfate were present in the medium.

Plasma protein-based organ-specific aging and mortality models unveil diseases as accelerated aging of organismal systems.

Aging is a complex process manifesting at molecular, cellular, organ, and organismal levels. It leads to functional decline, disease, and ultimately death, but the relationship between these fundamental biomedical features remains elusive. By applying elastic net regularization to plasma proteome data of over 50,000 human subjects in the UK Biobank and other cohorts, we report interpretable organ-specific and conventional aging models trained on chronological age, mortality, and longitudinal proteome data.

Role of Denitrification in Selenite Reduction by with the Formation of Selenium Nanoparticles.

Background: Many bacteria are capable of reducing selenium oxyanions, primarily selenite (SeO), in most cases forming selenium(0) nanostructures. The mechanisms of these transformations may vary for different bacterial species and have so far not yet been clarified in detail. Bacteria of the genus , including ubiquitous phytostimulating rhizobacteria, are widely studied and have potential for agricultural biotechnology and bioremediation of excessively seleniferous soils, as they are able to reduce selenite ions.

Figure Correction: Using Social Media to Help Understand Patient-Reported Health Outcomes of Post-COVID-19 Condition: Natural Language Processing Approach.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/45767.].

Graph-based multi-modality integration for prediction of cancer subtype and severity.

Personalised cancer screening before therapy paves the way toward improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Most approaches are limited to a single data type and do not consider interactions between features, leaving aside the complementary insights that multimodality and systems biology can provide. In this project, we demonstrate the use of graph theory for data integration via individual networks where nodes and edges are individual-specific.

Targeted depletion of TRBV9 T cells as immunotherapy in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis.

Autoimmunity is intrinsically driven by memory T and B cell clones inappropriately targeted at self-antigens. Selective depletion or suppression of self-reactive T cells remains a holy grail of autoimmune therapy, but disease-associated T cell receptors (TCRs) and cognate antigenic epitopes remained elusive. A TRBV9-containing CD8 TCR motif was recently associated with the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and acute anterior uveitis, and cognate HLA-B*27-presented epitopes were identified.

Digital profiling of cancer transcriptomes from histology images with grouped vision attention.

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease that demands precise molecular profiling for better understanding and management. Recently, deep learning has demonstrated potentials for cost-efficient prediction of molecular alterations from histology images. While transformer-based deep learning architectures have enabled significant progress in non-medical domains, their application to histology images remains limited due to small dataset sizes coupled with the explosion of trainable parameters.

Using Social Media to Help Understand Patient-Reported Health Outcomes of Post-COVID-19 Condition: Natural Language Processing Approach.

Background: While scientific knowledge of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is growing, there remains significant uncertainty in the definition of the disease, its expected clinical course, and its impact on daily functioning. Social media platforms can generate valuable insights into patient-reported health outcomes as the content is produced at high resolution by patients and caregivers, representing experiences that may be unavailable to most clinicians.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the validity and effectiveness of advanced natural language processing approaches built to derive insight into PCC-related patient-reported health outcomes from social media platforms Twitter and Reddit.

Design of silicone interfaces with antibacterial properties.

Silicone implants are widely used for plastic or reconstruction medical applications. However, they can cause severe infections of inner tissues due to bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth on implant surfaces. The development of new antibacterial nanostructured surfaces can be considered as the most promising strategy to deal with this problem.

SCIENCE-BASED APPROACH TO THE EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF A BIODEGRADABLE CHITOSAN BASED CARRIER.

The aim of the study was to develop a science-based approach to the development of a carrier of a pharmaceutical substance using the modification of chitosan. Studies were carried out to determine the upper limit of acidity - ascorbic and acetic to obtain salt forms of chitosan, the choice of modification of chitosan and the experimental development of a method for obtaining its solid salt form. A scientifically based approach to research has made it possible to develop a technology for obtaining a water-soluble biodegradable carrier based on salt forms of chitosan.

Manifestation of apomictic potentials in the line AS-3 of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

AS-3 line of Sorghum bicolor possesses functional components of apomixis-apospory, parthenogenesis and autonomous endospermogenesis. The data obtained indicate efficiency of selection for apomixis components in diploid species of cultivated crops. Apomixis (seed formation without fertilization) is one of most attractive phenomena in plant biology.

Antibacterial activity of noscapine analogs.

The antibacterial properties of close noscapine analogs have not been previously reported. We used our pDualrep2 double-reporter High Throughput Screening (HTS) platform to identify a series of noscapine derivatives with promising antibacterial activity. The platform is based on RPF (SOS-response/DNA damage) and Katushka2S (inhibition of translation) proteins and simultaneously provides information on antibacterial activity and the mechanism of action of small-molecule compounds against E.

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Analyses of Microbiological Samples and Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles of Microbial Origin: Sample Preparation Effects.

To demonstrate the importance of sample preparation used in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of microbiological materials, bacterial biomass samples with and without grinding and after different drying periods (1.5-23 h at 45 °C), as well as biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs; without washing and after one to three washing steps) were comparatively studied by transmission FTIR spectroscopy. For preparing bacterial biomass samples, Sp7 and Sp245 (earlier known as Sp245) were used.

WGS-based characterization of the potentially beneficial Enterococcus faecium EFD from a beehive.

Nowadays, due to their potential application as probiotics for humans or animals, many beneficial lactic acid bacteria have been isolated from different natural environments. These include members of the genus Enterococcus - quite specific due to their ambiguous nature, varying from pathogens to probiotics. In our work we present a whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based approach for assessing the potential of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus isolates from beehives to serve as natural preserving agents against bacterial infections associated with honeybees.

Hypothalamic transcriptome of tame and aggressive silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) identifies gene expression differences shared across brain regions.

The underlying neurological events accompanying dog domestication remain elusive. To reconstruct the domestication process in an experimental setting, silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have been deliberately bred for tame vs aggressive behaviors for more than 50 generations at the Institute for Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The hypothalamus is an essential part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and regulates the fight-or-flight response, and thus, we hypothesized that selective breeding for tameness/aggressiveness has shaped the hypothalamic transcriptomic profile.

Physicians' Perceptions of Their Patients' Attitude and Knowledge of Long-Term Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Bulgaria.

: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is widely used in daily clinical practice worldwide for various indications. We aimed to explore the perception of Bulgarian clinicians about their patients' attitude and knowledge of long-term OAC, prescribed for atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or known deep venous thrombosis (DVT)/pulmonary embolism (PE). : We performed a cross-sectional study that involved 226 specialists: 187 (82.

Crystal structures of a llama VHH antibody BCD090-M2 targeting human ErbB3 receptor.

: The ability of ErbB3 receptor to functionally complement ErbB1-2 and induce tumor resistance to their inhibitors makes it a unique target in cancer therapy by monoclonal antibodies. Here we report the expression, purification and structural analysis of a new anti-ErbB3 single-chain antibody. : The VHH fragment of the antibody was expressed in cells as a SUMO fusion, cleaved by TEV protease and purified to homogeneity.

Genomic responses to selection for tame/aggressive behaviors in the silver fox ().

Animal domestication efforts have led to a shared spectrum of striking behavioral and morphological changes. To recapitulate this process, silver foxes have been selectively bred for tame and aggressive behaviors for more than 50 generations at the Institute for Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia. To understand the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic changes, we profiled gene expression levels and coding SNP allele frequencies in two brain tissue specimens from 12 aggressive foxes and 12 tame foxes.

Author Correction: Red fox genome assembly identifies genomic regions associated with tame and aggressive behaviours.

In the version of this Article originally published, there were some errors in the affiliations: Stephen J. O'Brien's affiliations were incorrectly listed as 8,9; they should have been 7,9. Affiliation 3 was incorrectly named the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; it should have read Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Red fox genome assembly identifies genomic regions associated with tame and aggressive behaviours.

Strains of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with markedly different behavioural phenotypes have been developed in the famous long-term selective breeding programme known as the Russian farm-fox experiment. Here we sequenced and assembled the red fox genome and re-sequenced a subset of foxes from the tame, aggressive and conventional farm-bred populations to identify genomic regions associated with the response to selection for behaviour. Analysis of the re-sequenced genomes identified 103 regions with either significantly decreased heterozygosity in one of the three populations or increased divergence between the populations.

Anterior Pituitary Transcriptome Suggests Differences in ACTH Release in Tame and Aggressive Foxes.

Domesticated species exhibit a suite of behavioral, endocrinological, and morphological changes referred to as "domestication syndrome." These changes may include a reduction in reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and specifically reduced adrenocorticotropic hormone release from the anterior pituitary. To investigate the biological mechanisms targeted during domestication, we investigated gene expression in the pituitaries of experimentally domesticated foxes ().

Mechanism and Structure of γ-Resorcylate Decarboxylase.

γ-Resorcylate decarboxylase (γ-RSD) has evolved to catalyze the reversible decarboxylation of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate to resorcinol in a nonoxidative fashion. This enzyme is of significant interest because of its potential for the production of γ-resorcylate and other benzoic acid derivatives under environmentally sustainable conditions. Kinetic constants for the decarboxylation of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate catalyzed by γ-RSD from Polaromonas sp.

Genetics of Interactive Behavior in Silver Foxes (Vulpes vulpes).

Individuals involved in a social interaction exhibit different behavioral traits that, in combination, form the individual's behavioral responses. Selectively bred strains of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) demonstrate markedly different behaviors in their response to humans. To identify the genetic basis of these behavioral differences we constructed a large F population including 537 individuals by cross-breeding tame and aggressive fox strains.