Information-based analysis of the coupling between brain and heart reactions to olfactory stimulation.

Background: Analysis of the heart activity is one of the important areas of research in biomedical science and engineering. For this purpose, scientists analyze the activity of the heart in various conditions. Since the brain controls the heart's activity, a relationship should exist among their activities.

Physiological State and Learning Ability of Students in Normal and Virtual Reality Conditions: Complexity-Based Analysis.

Background: Education and learning are the most important goals of all universities. For this purpose, lecturers use various tools to grab the attention of students and improve their learning ability. Virtual reality refers to the subjective sensory experience of being immersed in a computer-mediated world, and has recently been implemented in learning environments.

Retraction: Mathematical Modelling and Prediction of the Effect of Chemotherapy on Cancer Cells.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep13583.

Retraction: The analysis of the influence of fractal structure of stimuli on fractal dynamics in fixational eye movements and EEG signal.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep26639.

Retraction: The Analysis of the Influence of Odorant's Complexity on Fractal Dynamics of Human Respiration.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep26948.

Retraction: Fractal Based Analysis of the Influence of Odorants on Heart Activity.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep38555.

Fractal Based Analysis of the Influence of Odorants on Heart Activity.

An important challenge in heart research is to make the relation between the features of external stimuli and heart activity. Olfactory stimulation is an important type of stimulation that affects the heart activity, which is mapped on Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Yet, no one has discovered any relation between the structures of olfactory stimuli and the ECG signal.

The fractal based analysis of human face and DNA variations during aging.

Human DNA is the main unit that shapes human characteristics and features such as behavior. Thus, it is expected that changes in DNA (DNA mutation) influence human characteristics and features. Face is one of the human features which is unique and also dependent on his gen.

Analysis of the Influence of Complexity and Entropy of Odorant on Fractal Dynamics and Entropy of EEG Signal.

An important challenge in brain research is to make out the relation between the features of olfactory stimuli and the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Yet, no one has discovered any relation between the structures of olfactory stimuli and the EEG signal. This study investigates the relation between the structures of EEG signal and the olfactory stimulus (odorant).

Analysis of the influence of memory content of auditory stimuli on the memory content of EEG signal.

One of the major challenges in brain research is to relate the structural features of the auditory stimulus to structural features of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Memory content is an important feature of EEG signal and accordingly the brain. On the other hand, the memory content can also be considered in case of stimulus.

Mathematical Based Calculation of Drug Penetration Depth in Solid Tumors.

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cells' growth which affect cells and make them damaged. Many treatment options for cancer exist. Chemotherapy as an important treatment option is the use of drugs to treat cancer.

The Analysis of the Influence of Odorant's Complexity on Fractal Dynamics of Human Respiration.

One of the major challenges in olfaction research is to relate the structural features of the odorants to different features of olfactory system. However, no relationship has been yet discovered between the structure of the olfactory stimulus, and the structure of respiratory signal. This study reveals the plasticity of human respiratory signal in relation to 'complex' olfactory stimulus (odorant).

Mathematical-based modeling and prediction of the effect of external stimuli on human gait.

Human gait is defined as human locomotion that is achieved through the movement of limbs. Different limb movement patterns result in different gait patterns. Different internal and external stimuli can affect the human gait.

The analysis of the influence of fractal structure of stimuli on fractal dynamics in fixational eye movements and EEG signal.

One of the major challenges in vision research is to analyze the effect of visual stimuli on human vision. However, no relationship has been yet discovered between the structure of the visual stimulus, and the structure of fixational eye movements. This study reveals the plasticity of human fixational eye movements in relation to the 'complex' visual stimulus.

A signal processing based analysis and prediction of seizure onset in patients with epilepsy.

One of the main areas of behavioural neuroscience is forecasting the human behaviour. Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain becomes disrupted, causing seizures or periods of unusual behaviour, sensations and sometimes loss of consciousness. An estimated 5% of the world population has epileptic seizure but there is not any method to cure it.

Diagnosis of skin cancer by correlation and complexity analyses of damaged DNA.

Skin cancer is a common, low-grade cancerous (malignant) growth of the skin. It starts from cells that begin as normal skin cells and transform into those with the potential to reproduce in an out-of-control manner. Cancer develops when DNA, the molecule found in cells that encodes genetic information, becomes damaged and the body cannot repair the damage.

Mathematical Modelling and Prediction of the Effect of Chemotherapy on Cancer Cells.

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cells' growth which affect DNAs and make them damaged. Many treatment options for cancer exist, with the primary ones including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy and palliative care. Which treatments are used depends on the type, location, and grade of the cancer as well as the person's health and wishes.

Fractional Diffusion Based Modelling and Prediction of Human Brain Response to External Stimuli.

Human brain response is the result of the overall ability of the brain in analyzing different internal and external stimuli and thus making the proper decisions. During the last decades scientists have discovered more about this phenomenon and proposed some models based on computational, biological, or neuropsychological methods. Despite some advances in studies related to this area of the brain research, there were fewer efforts which have been done on the mathematical modeling of the human brain response to external stimuli.

A mathematical based calculation of a myelinated segment in axons.

The brain is a complicated system that controls all of the body's actions and reactions by receiving and processing different stimuli and producing the proper responses. The brain accomplishes this task using various sensory elements such as neurons. The axon is the most important element of the neuron in terms of signal generation and propagation.

Phase lagging model of brain response to external stimuli-modeling of single action potential.

In this paper we detail a phase lagging model of brain response to external stimuli. The model is derived using the basic laws of physics like conservation of energy law. This model eliminates the paradox of instantaneous propagation of the action potential in the brain.

Nullification of electromagnetic radiation: 50 Hz artifact during electroencephalogram recording.

This paper discusses the 50-Hz artifact observed during EEG recording of three patients, using Mindset24 equipment in a biomedical laboratory along with other instruments. The artifact at 50 Hz is created due to electromagnetic (EM) radiation from the environment. Perhaps, the nullification of 50 Hz artifact occurs by the three important means such as (a) grounding of far-field EM current when the patient touches the equipment metal casing, (b) connecting the electrodes in a sequence to obtain differential potentials with suppressed near-field EM radiation potentials of the scalp, and (c) destructive interferences of the EM waves.

Three-dimensional, unsteady simulation of alveolar respiration.

A novel macroscopic gas transport model, derived from fundamental engineering principles, is used to simulate the three-dimensional, unsteady respiration process within the alveolar region of the lungs. The simulations, mimicking the single-breath technique for measuring the lung diffusing capacity for carbon-monoxide (CO), allow the prediction of the red blood cell (RBC) distribution effects on the lung diffusing capacity. Results, obtained through numerical simulations, unveil a strong relationship between the type of distribution and the lung diffusing capacity.