Dual innervation may occur in a partially denervated muscle.

Introduction: With a view to simplifying surgical techniques for selective laryngeal reinnervation, we addressed the question of whether it is feasible to receive additional innervation by a partially denervated muscle using an infrahyoid muscle model.

Methods: In 90 rats (6 groups of 15), phrenic nerve transfer was used to reinnervate the sternothyroid muscle. In some cases, residual innervation by the original nerve was present.

Tympanostomy tubes for serous otitis media and risk of recurrences.

Objectives: To determine the value of tympanostomy tubes (TTs) in the management of serous otitis media (SOM) and the risk factors for SOM recurrence.

Method: This single-centre cohort study was performed in the University hospital of Amiens, France; and concerned 215 under-12 children having undergone at least one bilateral TT (Shepard grommet-type) placements for SOM.

Results: The mean TT retention time was 10 months.

Therapeutic Management of Pyriform Sinus Cancer.

Objective To analyze the survival rate of a nonselected pyriform sinus cancer population. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting University hospital.

Initial staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. What is the place of bronchoscopy and upper GI endoscopy?

To determine the place of bronchoscopy and upper GI endoscopy in the initial staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A 10-year retrospective study was conducted on a series of 838 patients. As part of initial staging of the tumor, all patients were examined by neck and chest CT scan, 487 patients were examined by bronchoscopy and 588 patients were examined by upper GI endoscopy.

Serious spontaneous epistaxis and hypertension in hospitalized patients.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of hypertension in patients hospitalized for serious spontaneous epistaxis. This 6-year retrospective study was based on 219 patients hospitalized in a University Hospital ENT and Head and Neck surgery department for serious spontaneous epistaxis. The following parameters were recorded: length of hospital stay, history of hypertension, blood pressure (BP) recordings (on admission, during hospitalization and on discharge), epistaxis severity criteria, including medical and/or surgical management of epistaxis (blood transfusion depending on blood count, embolization, surgery), medications affecting clotting.

'Aggressive papillary' thyroid microcarcinoma.

The objective of this study is to highlight the fact that papillary thyroid microcarcinoma can be aggressive, requiring therapeutic management similar to that of other differentiated thyroid cancers. This 8-year retrospective study concerned 187 surgical patients managed in an ENT and Head and Neck surgery department for thyroid cancer. 65 patients were found to have papillary microcarcinoma.

[Management of the papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid gland].

Objectives: To study the management and treatment of papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study of 57 patients operated on their thyroid gland between 1995 and 2004. All patients had a frozen section of the specimen.

Otoendoscopy in cholesteatoma surgery of the middle ear: what benefits can be expected?

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of determining the contribution of otoendoscopy in the surgical management of cholesteatoma of the middle ear.

Background: The anterior epitympanum and the retrotympanum are anatomic sites that are difficult to access under otomicroscopy. Otoendoscopy offers a large field of vision using direct vision and lateral vision endoscopes, particularly in the supratubal recess and sinus tympani, for which visualization is excellent with reduced surgical approaches.

Detection of enterovirus RNA in postoperative thyroid tissue specimens.

Context: Autoimmune thyroiditis is a very common disease. A genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as viruses are thought to contribute to the development of autoimmune thyroiditis. Enteroviruses, which are involved in other autoimmune diseases, are attractive candidates.

Cartilage tympanoplasty: postoperative functional results.

We evaluated auditory performance following cartilage tympanoplasty for the management of tympanic membrane retraction pockets. We performed a 230-patient retrospective study over a 10-year period (1990-2000) and compared pre-operative and postoperative audiograms. Postoperative audiograms were better in 49% of cases, identical in 16% and worse in 11%.

Early hearing screening: what is the best strategy?

Objectives: A discussion concerning the relevance of universal newborn hearing screening has been conducted in France since the end of the 1990s. As a contribution to the choice of strategy to be implemented, we evaluated and compared the results of this screening and its impact on the parent-infant relationship as a function of the time at which screening was performed: during the infant's stay in the maternity unit, in the first strategy (strategy 1), or 2 months after birth, in the second strategy (strategy 2).

Patients And Method: Five thousand seven hundred and ninety infants participated in the study: 3202 were included in the first strategy and 2588 were included in the second strategy.

Superior approach to the inferior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery: anatomy, surgical technique and indications.

Goals Of The Study: To describe the anatomical bases of the surgical access to the higher part of the thyroid lobe, with first location of the inferior laryngeal nerve at its laryngeal penetration, to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique and to determine the operational indications.

Population And Method: A prospective study of surgical anatomy performed over a period of 18 months was conducted. A total of 25 (22 women and 3 men) patients with cervicothoracic goitre underwent total thyroidectomy.

[Lemierre syndrome: unusual, but still possible].

Lemierre syndrome is a rare disease, which was life-threatening before the antibiotics era. We report here two cases with favorable outcome. Clinical features are stereotypic: tonsillis, cervical pain revealing deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary septic metastasis.