The Finnic Peoples of Russia: Genetic Structure Inferred from Genome-Wide and Y-Chromosome Data.

Eastern Finnic populations, including Karelians, Veps, Votes, Ingrians, and Ingrian Finns, are a significant component of the history of Finnic populations, which have developed over ~3 kya. Yet, these groups remain understudied from a genetic point of view. In this work, we explore the gene pools of Karelians (Northern, Tver, Ludic, and Livvi), Veps, Ingrians, Votes, and Ingrian Finns using Y-chromosome markers (N = 357) and genome-wide autosomes (N = 67) and in comparison with selected Russians populations of the area (N = 763).

Genotype data for 60 SNP genetic markers associated with eye, hair, skin color, ABO blood group, sex, core Y-chromosome haplogroups in Kazakh population.

Objectives: The collection of genotype data was conducted as an essential part of a pivotal research project with the goal of examining the genetic variability of skin, hair, and iris color among the Kazakh population. The data has practical application in the field of forensic DNA phenotyping (FDA). Due to the limited size of forensic databases from Central Asia (Kazakhstan), it is practically impossible to obtain an individual identification result based on forensic profiling of short tandem repeats (STRs).

Origins of East Caucasus Gene Pool: Contributions of Autochthonous Bronze Age Populations and Migrations from West Asia Estimated from Y-Chromosome Data.

The gene pool of the East Caucasus, encompassing modern-day Azerbaijan and Dagestan populations, was studied alongside adjacent populations using 83 Y-chromosome SNP markers. The analysis of genetic distances among 18 populations ( = 2216) representing Nakh-Dagestani, Altaic, and Indo-European language families revealed the presence of three components (Steppe, Iranian, and Dagestani) that emerged in different historical periods. The Steppe component occurs only in Karanogais, indicating a recent medieval migration of Turkic-speaking nomads from the Eurasian steppe.

Determining the Area of Ancestral Origin for Individuals From North Eurasia Based on 5,229 SNP Markers.

Currently available genetic tools effectively distinguish between different continental origins. However, North Eurasia, which constitutes one-third of the world's largest continent, remains severely underrepresented. The dataset used in this study represents 266 populations from 12 North Eurasian countries, including most of the ethnic diversity across Russia's vast territory.

Optimizing the genetic prediction of the eye and hair color for North Eurasian populations.

Background: Predicting the eye and hair color from genotype became an established and widely used tool in forensic genetics, as well as in studies of ancient human populations. However, the accuracy of this tool has been verified on the West and Central Europeans only, while populations from border regions between Europe and Asia (like Caucasus and Ural) also carry the light pigmentation phenotypes.

Results: We phenotyped 286 samples collected across North Eurasia, genotyped them by the standard HIrisPlex-S markers and found that predictive power in Caucasus/Ural/West Siberian populations is reasonable but lower than that in West Europeans.