The Role of Glutathione Transferase Omega-Class Variant Alleles in Individual Susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer.

The tumor microenvironment is affected by reactive oxygen species and has been suggested to have an important role in ovarian cancer (OC) tumorigenesis. The role of glutathione transferases (GSTs) in the maintenance of redox balance is considered as an important contributing factor in cancer, including OC. Furthermore, GSTs are mostly encoded by highly polymorphic genes, which further highlights their potential role in OC, known to originate from accumulated genetic changes.

Glutathione Transferase P1: Potential Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer.

Chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer, regarded as the most lethal malignant gynecological disease, can be explained by several mechanisms, including increased activity of efflux transporters leading to decreased intracellular drug accumulation, increased efflux of the therapeutic agents from the cell by multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP1), enhanced DNA repair, altered apoptotic pathways, silencing of a number of genes, as well as drug inactivation, especially by glutathione transferase P1 (GSTP1). Indeed, GSTP1 has been recognized as the major enzyme responsible for the conversion of drugs most commonly used to treat metastatic ovarian cancer into less effective forms. Furthermore, GSTP1 may even be responsible for chemoresistance of non-GST substrate drugs by mechanisms such as interaction with efflux transporters or different signaling molecules involved in regulation of apoptosis.

Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage as a cause of severe fetal anemia.

Introduction: Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a transfu-sion of fetal blood into the maternal circulation. A volume of transfused fetal blood required to cause severe, life-threatening fetal anemia, is not clearly defined. Some authors suggest vol-umes of 80 mL and 150 mL as a threshold which defines mas-sive FMH.

Treatment patterns, health care utilization, and costs of ovarian cancer in Central and Eastern Europe using a Delphi panel based on a retrospective chart review.

Objective: Despite the considerable disease burden of ovarian cancer, there were no cost studies in Central and Eastern Europe. This study aimed to describe treatment patterns, health care utilization, and costs associated with treating ovarian cancer in Hungary, Poland, Serbia, and Slovakia.

Method: Overall clinical practice for management of epithelial ovarian cancer was investigated through a 3-round Delphi panel.

[Multifoetal pregnancies complicated by reversed arterial perfusion: report of four cases].

Introduction: Twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome (TRAP) or acardiac anomaly presents a rare and severe complication affecting monochorionic multiple pregnancies occurring in 1 per 35,000 pregnancies or 1 per 100 of monozygotic twins. We report four cases of multiple pregnancies with TRAP diagnosed over the last 2 years, which were under check-up and treatment during the entire pregnancy course finalized by delivery.

Outline Of Cases: In two cases pregnancies were trigeminal, and other two geminal, with acardia of one foetus, by anceps type in three and acephalus in one.

Early dumping syndrome and reflux esophagitis prevention with pouch reconstruction.

Background: Total gastrectomy causes numerous disorders, such as reflux esophagitis, dumping syndrome, malabsorption, and malnutrition. To minimize the consequences, different variants of reconstruction are performed. The aim of our study is the comparison of two reconstructive methods: the standard Roux-en-Y and a new modality of pouch interposition, preduodenal-pouch interposition.

[Fetal cerebral-umbilical Doppler ratio in prediction of fetal distress in patients with preeclampsia].

Background/aim: The use of color Doppler ultrasonography provides noninvasive observation, confirmation and quantification of pathophysiological processes in fetoplacental circulation in pregnant patients. By blood vessel mapping and the obtained waves spectral analysis it is posible to evaluate vascular resistency of the fetus blood vessels. The aim of the study was to evaluate cerebral-umbilical pulsatility index ratio in fetal circulation in prediction of fetal distress in patients with preeclampsia.

The value of sentinel lymphadenectomy in radical operative treatment of cervical cancer.

Background/aim: Therapy of the early stages of cervical carcinoma is surgical or radiation therapy, and for advanced stages chemoradiotherapy. Pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in early stages offers the most important prognostic factor for survival. To evaluate the method and possible influence on surgical and therapy of the disease, we performed sentinel node (SN) identification and excision during open radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy in stage Ib-IIa cervical carcinoma.

Pregnancy using gonadotropins and performing intrauterine insemination in a woman with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is one of the causes of infertility. In women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism both follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are required to induce optimal follicular growth and steroidogenesis. We described a case of singleton pregnancy in a 38-year-old patient, presenting with primary hypogonadotropic amenorrhea and empty sella syndrome, treated with human menopausal gonadotropins and performing intrauterine insemination in first attempt.