Metallization system as a part of thermal memory.

This study aims to substantiate the potential of using "classical" metallization systems as microelectronic thermal memory cells. An experimental simulation is used to demonstrate that thermal information can be stored in memory for a certain time and then read without distortion. The possibility of using thin metal films on single-crystal silicon wafers as thermal memory cells is discussed.

Electrical and Recombination Properties of Polar Orthorhombic κ-GaO Films Prepared by Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy.

In this study, the structural and electrical properties of orthorhombic κ-GaO films prepared using Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE) on AlN/Si and GaN/sapphire templates were studied. For κ-GaO/AlN/Si structures, the formation of two-dimensional hole layers in the GaO was studied and, based on theoretical calculations, was explained by the impact of the difference in the spontaneous polarizations of κ-GaO and AlN. Structural studies indicated that in the thickest κ-GaO/GaN/sapphire layer used, the formation of rotational nanodomains was suppressed.

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized via precipitation at constant pH: Synthesis, physical-chemical and antioxidant properties.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO NPs) are well known for their application in various fields of industry, as well as in biology and medicine. Knowledge of synthesis schemes, physicochemical and morphological features of nanoscale CeO is important for assessing their antioxidant behavior and understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress and its consequences. The choice of the method of synthesis should be based on the possibility to choose the conditions and parameters for obtaining CeO with controlled dimensions and a ratio of Се/Се on their surface.

Structure and biological activity of particles produced from highly activated carbon adsorbent.

Over the recent years, carbon particles have gained relevance in the field of biomedical application to diminish the level of endo-/exogenous intoxication and oxidative stress products, which occur at different pathological states. However, it is very important that such carbon particles, specially developed for parenteral administration or usage, possess a high adsorption potential and can remove hazard toxic substances of the hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic nature usually accumulated in the blood due to the disease, and be absolutely safe for normal living cells and tissues of organism. In this work, the stable monodisperse suspension containing very small-sized (D = 1125.

Tackling the acute radiation syndrome: Hemoperfusion with activated carbon revisited.

Almost three decades ago Dr. Nikolaev and co-authors reported a remarkable finding that a single-course low-volume hemoperfusion through uncoated spherical activated carbon led to a significant increase in survival of dogs acutely irradiated with X-rays of the dose of 5.25 Gy (Artif.

Biological activity of cerium dioxide nanoparticles.

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO NPs) with a high value of ζ-potential (≥30 mV) have been synthesized in reverse microemulsions and they are able to form the high-stable aqueous suspension without any additional stabilizers. It has been shown that the interaction of such CeO NPs with transport proteins, such as BSA, affects their molecular conformation and biochemical activity. The observed changes in the UV-absorbance spectrum and intrinsic fluorescence quenching of BSA molecule are indicative of the occurrence of structural changes caused by binding with the surface of CeO NPs.

The effect of two formulations of carbon enterosorbents on oxidative stress indexes and molecular conformation of serum albumin in experimental animals exposed to CCl.

The liver failure means inability to perform its normal synthetic, biotransformation and excretory functions. The disturbance of metabolic processes leads to the development of "metabolic endogenous intoxication" resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress initiates the processes of oxidation of amino acid residues of blood plasma proteins causing the changes in their structure and functions.

Densitometry of the optically magnified dried residues representing carbon microparticles as a simple and affordable technique for determining their concentrations in aqueous suspensions.

In extracorporeal blood purification, such as hemoperfusion, activated carbon (activated charcoal) beads are commonly used as an adsorbent, but their judgment in terms of extent of microparticle release is of great importance since the microparticles may represent the risk of entering the bloodstream. To quantitatively assess the release of carbon microparticles (CMPs) in the samples of the aqueous perfusion medium, in which the beads have been perfused, the calibration procedure with different concentrations of CMPs is likely to be needed. For this purpose, carbon beads were mechanically crushed to a fine powder, whose microparticles (<10 μm) were then serially diluted in the aqueous medium within the wide range of concentrations (0.

Genome sequence of the pattern-forming social bacterium Paenibacillus dendritiformis C454 chiral morphotype.

Paenibacillus dendritiformis is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling, spore-forming social microorganism. An intriguing collective faculty of this strain is manifested by its ability to switch between different morphotypes, such as the branching (T) and the chiral (C) morphotypes. Here we report the 6.

Genome sequence of the pattern forming Paenibacillus vortex bacterium reveals potential for thriving in complex environments.

Background: The pattern-forming bacterium Paenibacillus vortex is notable for its advanced social behavior, which is reflected in development of colonies with highly intricate architectures. Prior to this study, only two other Paenibacillus species (Paenibacillus sp. JDR-2 and Paenibacillus larvae) have been sequenced.

Heparin-cellulose-charcoal composites for drug detoxification prepared using room temperature ionic liquids.

We report novel heparin-cellulose-charcoal composites prepared using room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) to enhance the biocompatibility and blood compatibility of activated charcoal beads while decreasing the size of their active pores.

Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes.

We report five new complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of Siberian woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), sequenced with up to 73-fold coverage from DNA extracted from hair shaft material. Three of the sequences present the first complete mtDNA genomes of mammoth clade II. Analysis of these and 13 recently published mtDNA genomes demonstrates the existence of two apparently sympatric mtDNA clades that exhibit high interclade divergence.

Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of mitochondria from ancient hair shafts.

Although the application of sequencing-by-synthesis techniques to DNA extracted from bones has revolutionized the study of ancient DNA, it has been plagued by large fractions of contaminating environmental DNA. The genetic analyses of hair shafts could be a solution: We present 10 previously unexamined Siberian mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) mitochondrial genomes, sequenced with up to 48-fold coverage. The observed levels of damage-derived sequencing errors were lower than those observed in previously published frozen bone samples, even though one of the specimens was >50,000 14C years old and another had been stored for 200 years at room temperature.

High-porosity activated carbon as a possible matrix for native DNA and dextran-sulfate immobilization.

In this study, specific and nonspecific activity of calf thymus DNA and Dextran-Sulfate (DS)-containing synthetic carbonic adsorbents (0.7-7mg of each ligands per 1 cm3 of activated carbonic beads, 0.3-0.

Albumin, bilirubin, and activated carbon: new edges of an old triangle.

The problem of interaction of human serum albumin (HSA), unconjugated bilirubin (UB) and high porosity activated HSGD carbons is investigated in this study. The decrease of UB to HSA molecular ratio by more than 300 times was demonstrated while the batch experiments in HSA-UB admixtures after contact with HSGD. HSGD carbons express extremely high activity for the removal of UB from HSA containing solutions (more than 100 mg of UB per 1 g of activated carbon).

Effect of protein-bound uraemic toxins on the thermodynamic characteristics of human albumin.

The ability of albumin to bind drugs and other lipophilic organic acids is decreased in chronic renal failure by the accumulation of albumin-bound uraemic toxins such as hippuric acid, indoxyl sulphate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF). This furan acid is the most highly bound and is not removed by haemodialysis. The inhibitory effects of these three uraemic toxins on the interaction of three marker ligands sodium octanoate (for medium chain fatty acids), salicylic acid and phenol red (bilirubin site/site I) with albumin have been investigated by differential scanning microcalorimetry and flow microcalorimetry.