Goldfish as a model for studying the effect of hypernatremia on blood plasma lipoproteins.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of hypernatremia on the organization of blood plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) in goldfish; to compare the state of hypernatremia in fish and humans; to assess the possible risks and consequences of the effect of hypernatremia on human plasma lipoproteins.

Methods: The fish were acclimated for 20 days at a critical salinity of 11.5 g/L; after that the salt water was gradually "desalinated".

Shifted mineral ions transport in the mollusk Unio pictorum exposed to environmental concentrations of diclofenac.

Previous studies showed that diclofenac (DCF), when released in the environment, can be toxic to aquatic animals (fish and mollusks), affecting gills, which are the main organ of ionic regulation. This study focuses on detecting the effects of relevant environmental concentrations of DCF (0.1-1 μg L) on the transport of main mineral cations, i.