Fearful apes or nervous goats? Another look at functions of dispositions or traits.

In his article, Grossmann argues that, in the context of human cooperative caregiving, heightened fearfulness in children and human sensitivity to fear in others are adaptive traits. I offer and briefly defend a rival hypothesis: Heightened fearfulness among infants and young children is a maladaptive trait that did not get deselected in the process of evolution human sensitivity to fear in others mitigates its disadvantageous effects to a sufficient extent.

Femoral Footprint Visualization Using a Transtibial Portal in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

In traditional endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, inadequate visualization of the femoral footprint through a lateral portal frequently causes surgical errors. Although various portal locations have been reported, no study has identified ideal locations for specific portals in relation to ACL reconstruction. This article presents the new transtibial portal technique (ie, the use of an existing tibial tunnel).

Students' responses to scenarios depicting ethical dilemmas: a study of pharmacy and medical students in New Zealand.

One of the key learning objectives in any health professional course is to develop ethical and judicious practice. Therefore, it is important to address how medical and pharmacy students respond to, and deal with, ethical dilemmas in their clinical environments. In this paper, we examined how students communicated their resolution of ethical dilemmas and the alignment between these communications and the four principles developed by Beauchamp and Childress.

Min-protein oscillations in Escherichia coli with spontaneous formation of two-stranded filaments in a three-dimensional stochastic reaction-diffusion model.

We introduce a three-dimensional stochastic reaction-diffusion model to describe MinD/MinE dynamical structures in Escherichia coli. This model spontaneously generates pole-to-pole oscillations of the membrane-associated MinD proteins, MinE ring, as well as filaments of the membrane-associated MinD proteins. Experimental data suggest MinD filaments are two-stranded.