Understanding the biological processes of kidney carcinogenesis: an integrative multi-omics approach.

Biological mechanisms related to cancer development can leave distinct molecular fingerprints in tumours. By leveraging multi-omics and epidemiological information, we can unveil relationships between carcinogenesis processes that would otherwise remain hidden. Our integrative analysis of DNA methylome, transcriptome, and somatic mutation profiles of kidney tumours linked ageing, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and xenobiotic metabolism to kidney carcinogenesis.

Socioeconomic status, smoking, and lung cancer: mediation and bias analysis in the SYNERGY study.

Background: Increased lung-cancer risks for low socioeconomic status (SES) groups are only partially attributable to smoking habits. Little effort has been made to investigate the persistent risks related to low SES by quantification of potential biases.

Methods: Based on 12 case-control studies, including 18 centers of the international SYNERGY project (16,550 cases, 20,147 controls), we estimated controlled direct effects (CDE) of SES on lung cancer via multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, study center, and smoking habits, and stratified by sex.

Prognostic value of circulating proteins at diagnosis among patients with lung cancer: a comprehensive analysis by smoking status.

Background: Improved prediction of prognosis among lung cancer patients could facilitate better clinical management. We aimed to study the prognostic significance of circulating proteins at the time of lung cancer diagnosis, among patients with and without smoking history.

Methods: We measured 91 proteins using the Olink Immune-Oncology panel in plasma samples that were collected at diagnosis from 244 never smoking and 742 ever smoking patients with stage I-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Geographic variation of mutagenic exposures in kidney cancer genomes.

International differences in the incidence of many cancer types indicate the existence of carcinogen exposures that have not yet been identified by conventional epidemiology make a substantial contribution to cancer burden. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, obesity, hypertension and tobacco smoking are risk factors, but they do not explain the geographical variation in its incidence. Underlying causes can be inferred by sequencing the genomes of cancers from populations with different incidence rates and detecting differences in patterns of somatic mutations.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of kidney cancer identifies 63 susceptibility regions.

Here, in a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis of kidney cancer (29,020 cases and 835,670 controls), we identified 63 susceptibility regions (50 novel) containing 108 independent risk loci. In analyses stratified by subtype, 52 regions (78 loci) were associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 6 regions (7 loci) with papillary RCC. Notably, we report a variant common in African ancestry individuals ( rs7629500 ) in the 3' untranslated region of VHL, nearly tripling clear cell RCC risk (odds ratio 2.

The relationship between atherosclerosis and dementia.

Objective: The main objective is to confirm a hypothesis that atherosclerosis, through various mechanisms, considerably influences cognitive impairment and significantly increases the risk for developing dementia. Complete sample should be 920 individuals. The present study aimed to analyse epidemiological data from a questionnaire survey.

Cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative disorders, and olfactory impairment: A literature review.

<br><b>Introduction:</b> The early detection and diagnosis of dementia are of key importance in treatment, slowing disease progression, or suppressing symptoms. The possible role of changes in the sense of smell is considered with regard to potential markers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD).</br> <br><b>Materials and methods:</b> A literature search was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science between May 30, 2022 and August 2, 2022.

The Mutographs biorepository: A unique genomic resource to study cancer around the world.

Large-scale biorepositories and databases are essential to generate equitable, effective, and sustainable advances in cancer prevention, early detection, cancer therapy, cancer care, and surveillance. The Mutographs project has created a large genomic dataset and biorepository of over 7,800 cancer cases from 30 countries across five continents with extensive demographic, lifestyle, environmental, and clinical information. Whole-genome sequencing is being finalized for over 4,000 cases, with the primary goal of understanding the causes of cancer at eight anatomic sites.

Lung Cancer Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Pairs of Five Lung Carcinogens: Results from a Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies (SYNERGY).

Background: While much research has been done to identify individual workplace lung carcinogens, little is known about joint effects on risk when workers are exposed to multiple agents.

Objectives: We investigated the pairwise joint effects of occupational exposures to asbestos, respirable crystalline silica, metals (i.e.

Association between polymorphism rs2421943 of the insulin-degrading enzyme and schizophrenia: Preliminary report.

Background: Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is an important gene in studies of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies have suggested a possible link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). At the same time, significant changes in insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) gene expression have been found in the brains of people with schizophrenia.

Survival and prognostic factors of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Although early diagnosis and surgical resection of the tumor have been shown to be the most important predictors of lung cancer survival, long-term survival for surgically-resected early-stage lung cancer remains poor.

Aims: In this prospective study we aimed to investigate the survival and prognostic factors of surgically-resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Central and Eastern Europe.

Methods: We recruited 2052 patients with stage I-IIIA NSCLC from 9 centers in Russia, Poland, Serbia, Czech Republic, and Romania, between 2007-2016 and followed them annually through 2020.

Neuropsychological tests and prediction of dementia in association with the degree of carotid stenosis.

This study constitutes a cross sectional analysis of the association between cognitive impairment defined by neuropsychological tests and carotid stenosis. The main objective was to compare the results of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) with regard to the degree of carotid stenosis. The sample comprised 744 patients who underwent a carotid duplex ultrasound and cognitive function testing (by ACE-R and MMSE).

Is Alzheimer's disease a type 3 diabetes? A review.

Objectives: This is a review article that deals with the question of whether type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: We searched the PubMed database and relevant publications were selected for review. The introduction, which describes the possibilities of how type 2 diabetes can affect the development of Alzheimer's disease, is followed by other questions related to this issue: May on the contrary Alzheimer's disease induce type 2 diabetes? What is a relative risk for type 2 diabetes to induce dementia? How type 2 diabetes influence conversion of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease? What is the role of antidiabetic medication? Proposition of term "type 3 diabetes" for Alzheimer's disease.

What are the real associations of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) with body mass index and age?

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR), a key pathogenesis mechanism of metabolic disorders, can be tested using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). HOMA-IR quantifies peripheral tissue IR, whereas HOMA-β determines insulin secretion. The cross-sectional study aimed to examine non-linear associations of HOMA indices with age when adjusting for body mass index (BMI), and thus to investigate the indices' ability to reflect the real development of glucose metabolism disorders over time.

Occupational exposure to nickel and hexavalent chromium and the risk of lung cancer in a pooled analysis of case-control studies (SYNERGY).

There is limited evidence regarding the exposure-effect relationship between lung-cancer risk and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) or nickel. We estimated lung-cancer risks in relation to quantitative indices of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel and their interaction with smoking habits. We pooled 14 case-control studies from Europe and Canada, including 16 901 lung-cancer cases and 20 965 control subjects.

Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Lung Cancer Risk: Results from a Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies (SYNERGY).

Background: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) occurs widely in occupational settings. We investigated the association between occupational exposure to PAH and lung cancer risk and joint effects with smoking within the SYNERGY project.

Methods: We pooled 14 case-control studies with information on lifetime occupational and smoking histories conducted between 1985 and 2010 in Europe and Canada.

Polymorphism Rs2421943 of the Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Gene and the Risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a widely distributed Zn2+-binding metalloprotease that cleaves multiple short and medium-sized peptides prone to form β-structures. These include insulin and amyloid-β peptides. Accumulation and fibrillation of amyloid-β peptides leading to the formation of amyloid plaques is a characteristic sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.

Alterations of glycaemia, insulin resistance and body mass index within the C-peptide optimal range in non-diabetic patients.

The study focused on changes or cut-offs of glycaemia, insulin resistance and body mass index within the C-peptide reference range (260-1730 pmol/l). The metabolic profile of individuals in the Czech Republic without diabetes (n = 3186) was classified by whiskers and quartiles of C-peptide into four groups with the following ranges: 290-510 (n = 694), 511-710 (n = 780), 711-950 (n = 720) and 951-1560 pmol/l (n = 673). Fasting levels of glucose, insulin, HOMA IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) and BMI (body mass index) were compared by a relevant C-peptide range.

Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: An Epidemiological Study.

Introduction: Dementia becomes a major public health challenge in both the Czech Republic and worldwide. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: We conducted two successive epidemiological projects in 2012-2015 and 2016-2019.

[Assessment of toe brachial index validity in diabetic patients - interim results].

Introduction: The toe brachial index (TBI) is recommended for the detection of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in case of reduced efficacy of the ankle brachial index (ABI), which most often occurs in diabetics. In this case, TBI is expected to give more accurate results. There are not many studies dealing with the use of TBI specifically in diabetics and the results are different.