Publications by authors named "Vladimir I Valtchinov"
Article Synopsis
- Researchers are developing automated models using machine learning to predict interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) in CT scans, as current methods rely heavily on manual assessments, which can be less efficient.
- The study analyzed 1,382 CT scans from the Boston Lung Cancer Study, with radiologists serving as a reference point to identify ILAs; the scans were categorized into three groups: ILA present, indeterminate, and no ILA.
- Various machine learning classifiers were tested for accuracy, revealing that certain models performed better in identifying ILAs, highlighting the potential for automated methods to improve clinical decision-making in lung health.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to examine the incidence and severity of pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 patients during different variant periods (ancestral strain, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron) to see if newer variants and vaccinations reduced these factors.
- - Researchers analyzed data from 720 COVID-19 patients who had a CT pulmonary angiogram within a specific timeframe, finding that PE diagnoses varied slightly across variant periods but not significantly.
- - The results showed that the incidence and location of PE (in various artery types) did not significantly differ between the ancestral strain and the variants, suggesting that the risk remained consistent despite the presence of newer variants.
Introduction: Bedside cardiac assessment (BCA) is deficient across a spectrum of noncardiology trainees. Learners not taught BCA well may become instructors who do not teach well, creating a self-perpetuating problem. To improve BCA teaching and learning, we developed a high-quality, patient-centered curriculum for medicine clerkship students that could be flexibly implemented and accessible to other health professions learners.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study aimed to explore the link between the severity of pneumonia seen on CT scans within six weeks of a COVID-19 diagnosis and the later emergence of lung abnormalities, known as post-COVID-19 lung abnormalities (Co-LA).
- Researchers assessed 132 COVID-19 patients, finding that 32% developed Co-LA 6 to 24 months later, with a significant correlation between the severity of initial pneumonia and the likelihood of developing these lung issues—70% of those with extensive pneumonia progressed to Co-LA compared to just 17% with non-extensive pneumonia and none with no pneumonia.
- The study concluded that greater pneumonia severity upon diagnosis increases the risk of developing long-term
Purpose: To investigate the effect of vaccinations and boosters on the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT scans during the period of Delta and Omicron variants.
Methods: Retrospectively studied were 303 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between July 2021 and February 2022, who had obtained at least one CT scan within 6 weeks around the COVID-19 diagnosis (-2 to +4 weeks). The severity of pneumonia was evaluated with a 6-point scale Pneumonia Score.
Objective: This study aimed is to: (1) extend the Integrating the Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) data and application models to include medical imaging appropriate use criteria, enabling it to serve as a platform to monitor local impact of the Protecting Access to Medicare Act's (PAMA) imaging clinical decision support (CDS) requirements, and (2) validate the i2b2 extension using data from the Medicare Imaging Demonstration (MID) CDS implementation.
Materials And Methods: This study provided a reference implementation and assessed its validity and reliability using data from the MID, the federal government's predecessor to PAMA's imaging CDS program. The Star Schema was extended to describe the interactions of imaging ordering providers with the CDS.
Background The clinical impact of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) on poor prognosis has been reported in many studies, but risk stratification in ILA will contribute to clinical practice. Purpose To investigate the association of traction bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis index (TBI) with mortality and clinical outcomes in individuals with ILA by using the COPDGene cohort. Materials and Methods This study was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy Design: A case-control study of risk alleles for degenerative disc disease (DDD) using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for phenotyping.
Objective: We aim to provide the first statistically adequately powered study of the relationship between the presence of common risk alleles and occurrence of DDD in Eastern US population.
Summary Of Background Data: Many genetic predisposing factors have been identified in elevating the risk of DDD, including common variants in VDR, COL1A1, AGC1, COL9A2/3 genes.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the role of traction bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis and its progression as a predictor for early fibrosis in interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA).
Methods: Three hundred twenty-seven ILA participants out of 5764 in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study who had undergone chest CT twice with an interval of approximately five-years were enrolled in this study. Traction bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis index (TBI) was classified on a four-point scale: 0, ILA without traction bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis; 1, ILA with bronchiolectasis but without bronchiectasis or architectural distortion; 2, ILA with mild to moderate traction bronchiectasis; 3, ILA and severe traction bronchiectasis and/or honeycombing.
Objectives: Quantify the expected rate of CT radiation dose alerts for three body regions using accepted radiation dose benchmarks and assess key determinants of alert frequency.
Methods: This IRB-approved retrospective cohort study evaluated consecutive CT examinations performed between July and December 2013 within an academic medical system. CTDI x-ray tube output metrics were compared to the body-region-specific benchmark levels, Achievable Doses (AD), Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL), and Dose Notification Values (DNV).
Background: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) can be detected on computed tomography (CT) in lung cancer patients and have an association with mortality in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the significance of ILA for mortality in patients with stage I NSCLC using Boston Lung Cancer Study cohort.
Methods: Two hundred and thirty-one patients with stage I NSCLC from 2000 to 2011 were investigated in this retrospective study (median age, 69 years; 93 males, 138 females).
Purpose: To investigate if the presence and severity of traction bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis are associated with poorer survival in subjects with ILA.
Method: The study included 3,594 subjects (378 subjects with ILA and 3,216 subjects without ILA) in AGES-Reykjavik Study. Chest CT scans of 378 subjects with ILA were evaluated for traction bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis, defined as dilatation of bronchi/bronchioles within areas demonstrating ILA.
Background: Presenting features of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are non-specific. We hypothesized that mRNA profiles could (1) identify genes and pathways involved in disease pathogenesis; (2) identify a molecular signature that differentiates IBD from other conditions; (3) provide insight into systemic and colon-specific dysregulation through study of the concordance of the gene expression.
Methods: Children (8-18 years) were prospectively recruited at the time of diagnostic colonoscopy for possible IBD.
Objective: Assess sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of two approaches to identify patients with implantable devices that pose safety risks for MRI-an expert-derived approach and an ontology-derived natural language processing (NLP). Determine the proportion of clinical data that identify these implantable devices.
Methods: This Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study was performed at a 793-bed academic hospital.
Background: Variability in radiation exposure from CT scans can be appropriate and driven by patient features such as body habitus. Quantitative analysis may be performed to discover instances of unwarranted radiation exposure and to reduce the probability of such occurrences in future patient visits. No universal process to perform identification of outliers is widely available, and access to expertise and resources is variable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe purpose of this study is to investigate the magnitude of physician variation in the use of imaging and the factors associated with variation in an urban emergency department (ED) in the United States. This retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 1, 2013, to March 31, 2014, in the ED of a level I adult trauma center in the northeastern United States. The study cohort included all patient visits to the ED during the study period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: When a paucity of clinical information is communicated from ordering physicians to radiologists at the time of radiology order entry, suboptimal imaging interpretations and patient care may result.
Objectives: Compare documentation of relevant clinical information in electronic health record (EHR) provider note to computed tomography (CT) order requisition, prior to ordering of head CT for emergency department (ED) patients presenting with headache.
Methods: In this institutional review board-approved retrospective observational study performed between April 1, 2013 and September 30, 2014 at an adult quaternary academic hospital, we reviewed data from 666 consecutive ED encounters for patients with headaches who received head CT.
MRI Phenotyping of COL9A2/Trp2 and COL9A3/Trp3 Alleles in Lumbar Disc Disease: A Case-control Study in South-Western Iranian Population Reveals a Significant Trp3-Disease Association in Males.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
November 2016
Study Design: A case-control study of the Trp2/3 alleles of COL9A2/3 genes and their correlation with occurrence of Lumbar disc disease (DDD) as phenotyped by magnetic resonance imaging.
Objective: To establish a better understanding of relationship between presence of said alleles and occurrence of DDD in South-Western Iranian population.
Summary Of Background Data: A number of genetic predisposing factors have been identified in elevating the risk of developing DDD.
Motivation: We investigate and quantify the generalizability of the white blood cell (WBC) transcriptome to the general, multiorgan transcriptome. We use data from the NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public repository to define two datasets for comparison, WBC and OO (Other Organ) sets.
Results: Comprehensive pair-wise correlation and expression level profiles are calculated for both datasets (with sizes of 81 and 1463, respectively).