Evolution of Defects, Morphology, and Strain during FAMAPbI Perovskite Vacuum Deposition: Insights from In Situ Photoluminescence and X-ray Scattering.

At present, the power conversion efficiency of single-junction perovskite-based solar cells reaches over 26%. The further efficiency increase of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices is limited mainly by defects, causing the nonradiative recombination of charge carriers. To improve efficiency and ensure reproducible fabrication of high-quality layers, it is crucial to understand the perovskite nucleation and growth mechanism along with associated process control to reduce the defect density.

Evolution of Structure and Optoelectronic Properties During Halide Perovskite Vapor Deposition.

The efficiency of perovskite-based solar cells has increased dramatically over the past decade to as high as 25%, making them very attractive for commercial use. Vapor deposition is a promising technique that potentially enables fabrication of perovskite solar cells on large areas. However, to implement a large-scale deposition method, understanding and controlling the specific growth mechanisms are essential for the reproducible fabrication of high-quality layers.

Multilayer Langmuir Film of Monodisperse Au Nanoclusters: Unusual Growth via Bilayers.

The assembly of nanomaterials into thin films is an important area in the nanofabrication of novel devices. The monodispersity of nanoparticles plays an essential role in the resulting quality of the assembled mono- and multilayers. Larger polydispersity leads to smaller lateral correlation lengths and smaller domains of aligned nanoparticles, thus resulting in more point and line defects.

A synergistic effect of the ion beam sputtered NiOhole transport layer and MXene doping on inverted perovskite solar cells.

The synergistic effect of high-quality NiOhole transport layers (HTLs) deposited by ion beam sputtering on ITO substrates and the TiCTMXene doping of CHNHPbI(MAPI) perovskite layers is investigated in order to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The 18 nm thick NiOlayers are pinhole-free and exhibit large-scale homogeneous surface morphology as revealed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction showed a 0.

Combined Photoluminescence and X-ray Scattering Reveals Defect Formation in Lead-Halide Perovskite Films.

Lead-halide perovskites have established a firm foothold in photovoltaics and optoelectronics due to their steadily increasing power conversion efficiencies approaching conventional inorganic single-crystal semiconductors. However, further performance improvement requires reducing defect-assisted, nonradiative recombination of charge carriers in the perovskite layers. A deeper understanding of perovskite formation and associated process control is a prerequisite for effective defect reduction.