Is there a role for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children with acute liver failure? A retrospective analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry.

Unlabelled: Data describing the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) are scarce. Thus, we aimed to describe the use of ECMO in patients with PALF using the data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry between January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022. We described patients' characteristics at ECMO initiation, outcome, and factors associated with mortality.

Biological impact of manual blood exchange in malignant Bordetella pertussis infection in infants.

Background And Objectives: Manual blood exchange (MBE) is a leukoreduction therapy for hyperleukocytosis in Bordetella spp.

Infection: We describe the impact of BE on clinical and biological parameters in critically ill children with malignant pertussis.

Materials And Methods: This is a monocentric retrospective review of patients with malignant pertussis infection treated with MBE.

Microbiological features of drowning-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Drowning-associated pneumonia (DAP) is frequent in drowned patients, and possibly increases mortality. A better understanding of the microorganisms causing DAP could improve the adequacy of empirical antimicrobial therapy. We aimed to describe the pooled prevalence of DAP, the microorganisms involved, and the impact of DAP on drowned patients.

Significance of colonization by antibiotic-resistant organisms prior to congenital heart disease surgery in children from low- to middle-income countries sent by non-governmental organizations to Switzerland.

Purpose: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) from low- to middle-income countries (LMIC) are suspected to have a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMOs) carriage, but data are currently lacking. Carriage of ARMOs could impact the post-operative course in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of ARMOs carriage in children with CHD from LMIC and its impact on post-operative outcomes.

Total face mask with neurally adjusted ventilatory assist as a rescue therapy in infants with severe bronchiolitis.

Severe bronchiolitis patients are often supported with non-invasive ventilation (NIV). In case of NIV failure, we recently started to use non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist ventilation (NIV-NAVA) with a total face mask interface (TFM) and report now our experience with this modality of respiratory support. Retrospective study was made from October 2022 to May 2023 at the Geneva University Hospital Paediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Liver Transplant in Children: A Review of the ELSO Registry.

There are minimal data describing use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatric patient after a liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed at describing ECMO run in this specific situation using the data from Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry between January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022. We described patients' characteristics at ECMO initiation, outcome and mortality risk factors.

Administering Nitric Oxide (NO) with High Flow Nasal Cannulas: A Simple Method.

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a pulmonary vasodilator that plays an important clinical ICU role. The administration of iNO is usually performed through an endotracheal tube, but spontaneously breathing patients might also benefit from iNO administration. The use of the non-invasive administration of iNO through high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) allows for NO delivery in spontaneously breathing patients who still need supplemental oxygen and positive airway pressure.

Infective Endocarditis Due to .

Infective endocarditis due to is a rare but serious invasive infection that occurs mostly in children. Recent advances in nucleic acid amplification testing as well as in cardiac imaging have enabled more accurate diagnosis. A good understanding of the epidemiology and virulence factors remains crucial to guide the therapeutic approach.

Death by Neurologic Criteria in Children Undergoing Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Retrospective Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Study, 2017-2021.

Objectives: To determine factors associated with brain death in children treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-cardiopulmonary resuscitation).

Design: Retrospective database study.

Settings: Data reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO), 2017-2021.

Use of CO-Derived Variables in Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.

Shock is a life-threatening condition, and its timely recognition is essential for adequate management. Pediatric patients with congenital heart disease admitted to a cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) after surgical corrections are particularly at risk of low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) and shock. Blood lactate levels and venous oxygen saturation (ScVO) are usually used as shock biomarkers to monitor the efficacy of resuscitation efforts, but they are plagued by some limitations.

Long-term Outcome of Asymptomatic Patients With Graft Fibrosis in Protocol Biopsies After Pediatric Liver Transplantation.

Background: The histological prevalence of allograft fibrosis in asymptomatic children after liver transplantation (LT) is well documented. However, long-term graft and patient survival remain unclear. This retrospective multicenter study aims to determine the prevalence of allograft fibrosis and analyze the long-term outcome for patients transplanted in childhood.

Blood Purification with oXiris© in Critically Ill Children with Vasoplegic Shock.

Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. As such, circulating cytokines and danger- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (such as endotoxins) are recognized as central in the pathogenesis of sepsis and organ dysfunction. Removing these compounds by extracorporeal blood filtration, commonly considered blood purification, may improve the septic patients' condition.

First nosocomial infections in children supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO).

Background: Veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a standard procedure for patient with refractory shock in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). There is a paucity of data on the time relationship between VA-ECMO support, nosocomial infection occurrence, and PICU length of stay (LOS). The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and impact of ECMO-related infections.

Multi-organ failure caused by lasagnas: A case report of food poisoning.

We report a , cereulide producing strain, food poisoning of two sisters. After eating a few bites of pasta cooked 3 days earlier, a 13-year-old girl developed mild symptoms. However, her 11-year-old sister suffered, 40 h after ingestion of the entire platter, a multi-organ failure including acute liver failure, rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Parents' Views with Music Therapy in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Music therapy intervention (MT) could be used as an adjunctive therapy in PICU for anxiety and pain management. The aim of the study was to examine the perception of MT by children's parents in a PICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study summarizing the results of an institutional quality improvement initiative.

Use of Carboxyhemoglobin as an Early Sign of Oxygenator Dysfunction in Patients Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Introduction: Plasma free hemoglobin is the gold standard for monitoring hemolysis in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) but its routine use has some limitations. Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) is also a marker of intravascular hemolysis. We aimed to investigate HbCO as a marker of both hemolysis and oxygenator dysfunction in patients supported by ECMO.

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography in Children With Acute Liver Failure and Severe Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Objectives: To report our single-center use of transcranial Doppler (TCD) for noninvasive neuromonitoring in pediatric patients with acute liver failure (ALF).

Design: Retrospective cohort from January 2016 to June 2019.

Setting: PICU in Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a national referral center for pediatric liver transplantation.

Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Everywhere You Look You Will See ACE!

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE) seems to be a central actor in the pathophysiology of SARS-Cov-2 infection. First, it acts as the receptor for the virus and permits its attachment to cells expressing ACE. Second, the relative deficiency of ACE during infection could be linked to several clinical features encountered during the disease, like ARDS and coagulation abnormalities.

Vitamin D Insufficiency Prior to Paediatric Liver Transplantation Is Associated with Early T-Cell Mediated Rejection.

: T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) can compromise long-term liver allograft survival. The immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D are increasingly recognized. We investigated whether perturbations in vitamin D metabolism prior to LT may predispose to TCMR in a representative cohort of paediatric LT recipients.

Peripheral Donor-specific Antibodies Are Associated With Histology and Cellular Subtypes in Protocol Liver Biopsies of Pediatric Recipients.

Background: The cellular infiltrate in protocol liver biopsies (PB) following pediatric liver transplantation remains mostly uncharacterized, yet there is increasing concern about the role of inflammation and fibrosis in long-term liver allografts. We aimed to define cell types in PB and to analyze their relationship with donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and histological phenotype.

Methods: PB were performed at least 1 year after transplantation.

Preformed and de novo DSA are associated with T-cell-mediated rejection in pediatric liver transplant recipients requiring clinically indicated liver biopsy.

Despite growing interest about the impact of donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) in LT limited data are available for pediatric recipients. Our aim was to perform a retrospective single-center chart review of children (0-16 years) having undergone LT between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2017, to characterize DSA, to identify factors associated with the development of de novo DSA, and to analyze potential associations with the diagnosis of TCMR. Information on patient- and donor-characteristics and LB reports were analyzed retrospectively.