Scoring System Assessment of Cephalic Vein Access for Device Implantation.

The purpose of this study was to explore the usability of the cephalic vein (CV) for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) lead access by applying a scoring system to assess the venous anatomy. This prospective, single-center study included 100 consecutive patients who underwent CIED implantation within a period of one year. Contrast-enhanced venography images were obtained for every patient, focused on the CV, "T-junction," and the subclavian/axillary veins (SV/AVs).

Electrocardiographic Parameters as Predictors of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.

Introduction: Although strict selection criteria are used to select patients for cardiac resynchronisation therapy, up to 30% of patients do not have a positive clinical response.

Patients: A total of 102 consecutive patients who had biventricular pacemaker/defibrillator (CRT-P or CRT-D) implanted were enrolled in this prospective observational study.

Results: During the average follow-up period of 24.

Anticoagulation Management in Patients with Pacemaker-Detected Atrial Fibrillation.

Introduction: In patients with an implanted pacemaker, asymptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of thrombo-embolic complications. There is still no consensus which duration of episodes of atrial fibrillation should be taken as an indicator for inclusion of oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC).

Material And Methods: A total of 104 patients who had no AF episodes in the past and have an indication for permanent pacing were included in the study.

Pulse amplitude adjustment provides immediate pacemaker longevity gain.

Objective: Adjusting pacemaker pulse amplitude influences the longevity of the pacemaker. Our aim was to establish the initial longevity gain.

Methods: Forty randomly selected patients with implanted pacemakers were analyzed.

Induction of atrioventricular node reentry by simultaneous anterograde conduction over the fast and slow pathways.

Atrio-ventricular node reentry (AVNRT) is typically induced with an anterograde block over the fast pathway (FP) and conduction over the slow pathway (SP), with subsequent retrograde conduction over the FP. Rarely, a premature atrial complex (PAC) conducts simultaneously over the FP and SP to induce AVNRT. Previous publications have reported that conduction over the fast and slow pathway of the atrioventricular node can occur successively one after the other, thus leading to dual ventricular depolarization from what initially was a single atrial impulse.