Current Trends in the Imaging Diagnosis of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS): Chest X-ray Versus Lung Ultrasound.

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns, particularly in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Until recently, its diagnosis had been based on clinical signs, arterial blood gas analysis, and chest X-ray (CXR). However, the frequent use of CXR exposes newborns to ionizing radiation, which can have long-term negative effects, including an increased risk of cancer, especially among premature infants.

Sildenafil in Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Friend or Foe?

Introduction: Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor used to treat pulmonary hypertension, although its efficiency remains disputed in the neonatal population. We aimed to assess the clinical use of this drug in extremely premature infants diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension associated to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Study Design: This is a retrospective study of 18 patients born at ≤ 32 weeks gestational age with pulmonary hypertension complicating moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which was diagnosed on echocardiography at 36 weeks corrected gestational age.

Pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants with moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Aim: To describe clinical characteristics of pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with moderate to severe BPD (MSBPD) in premature infants born ≤32 weeks gestation.

Methods: This was a single centre retrospective cohort study, with reanalysis of echocardiographic studies for PH of infants born ≤32 weeks gestation with MSBPD admitted to a tertiary surgical neonatal service.

Results: In total, 268 babies with MSBPD were included in the study.

European guidelines on perinatal care: corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth.

of recommendationsCorticosteroids should be administered to women at a gestational age between 24 and 33weeks, when preterm birth is anticipated in the next seven days, as these have been consistently shown to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity. (Strong-quality evidence; strong recommendation). In selected cases, extension of this period up to 34weeks may be considered (Expert opinion).

Maternal HPV Infection and the Estimated Risks for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes-A Systematic Review.

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) represents the most prevalent genital infection in young women of reproductive age.

Objective: This systematic review aims to estimate the effect of HPV infection during pregnancy and assess the correlation between HPV and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Materials And Methods: The search strategy has been developed based on the PICOS framework: Population (pregnant women infected with HPV), Intervention (HPV infection confirmed by molecular tests), Comparator (pregnant women without HPV infection), Outcomes (adverse pregnancy outcomes) and Study design (observational studies).

Eye anomalies in children born through ART.

Due to the increasing rate of couples suffering from infertility, recently, the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has increased by 5%-10% per year. Some ART pregnancies are at risk of obstetric and neonatal complications, but it is unknown whether the procedures used or the etiology of infertility influences this risk. Multiple ART pregnancies are responsible for the increased rate of prematurity and its associated complications.

Obstetric and Perinatal Complications Associated with Assisted Reproductive Techniques - Review.

Recently, the use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) has witnessed a significant increase worldwide. Although most of these pregnancies have a good prognosis, studies show that ART is associated with a risk of obstetric and perinatal complications, compared to pregnancies conceived spontaneously. It is considered that the risk is directly proportional to the number of transferred embryos, thus multiple pregnancies are an independent risk factor that supports the large-scale implementation of single embryo transfer protocols.

Maternal and neonatal outcomes following fertilization: A cohort study in Romania.

Although in recent years the number of pregnancies obtained through fertilization (IVF) has increased significantly, a higher incidence of complications has been identified in this group. The widespread development and use of IVF has led to an increasing rate of multiple pregnancies and thus their associated complications. However, whether these complications occur due to assisted reproduction or infertility problems remains to be elucidated.

Monochorionic vs Dichorionic Twins: Kanet Test vs Postnatal Neurodevelopment.

The twin pregnancy is a risk pregnancy, being associated with a series of fetal and neonatal complications when compared to singleton pregnancies. Ultrasound assessment of the fetal brain is mandatory in the prenatal screening for fetal, congenital and acquired anomalies. Fetal neurosonography is useful in the prenatal diagnosis of cerebral anomalies, combining ultrasonography with fetal ultrasound.

The wide spectrum of ultrasound diagnosis of holoprosencephaly.

Aim: Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common brain malformation. A wide spectrum of anatomical variants are characterized by a lack of midline separation of the cerebral hemispheres. The aim of this study was to assess the ultrasound diagnostic criteria for HPE.

Three-dimensional scan of the uterine cavity of infertile women before assisted reproductive technology use.

The primary objective was to assess the utility of routine 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in the evaluation of infertile women and to estimate the prevalence of uterine anomalies before the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), using the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy classification system. A second objective was to assess the effect of uterine anomalies on the pregnancy rate in patients who underwent assisted reproductive techniques.We retrospectively studied 668 patients treated in the Department Obstetrics Gynecology and Neonatology "Sf Ioan" Clinical Emergency Hospital and in the Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine "'Transilvania" University of Brasov between July 2016 and February 2017 for subfertility.

Morphological and ultrasound findings in the placenta of diabetic pregnancy.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the morphological, histological, immunohistochemical and ultrasound findings in the placenta of maternal type 1 and gestational diabetes, to compare the pathological changes of the placental structure in the two types of metabolic disruptions, but also to establish correlations with the expression of these findings, influenced by different associated conditions. This multicenter study includes 53 pregnancies, of which 37 with pregestational and 16 with gestational diabetes. All cases undergone specific obstetric ultrasound assessment and detailed placental scan.

Adnexal masses in pregnancy: perinatal impact.

The incidence of adnexal masses in pregnancy has increased significantly over the last decades and this is mostly because of the widespread use of ultrasound for pregnancy surveillance. Although a clear majority of adnexal masses found in the first trimester are functional cysts, which have a small diameter and disappear spontaneously, those that do persist into the second and third trimester require ultrasound surveillance for proper management. The presence of a large adnexal mass in the third trimester of pregnancy represents solid grounds for delivery via Caesarean section (C-section) both because of the risk of dystocia and the advantage of one-step approach of cystectomy/oophorectomy at the time of C-section.

Retraction: Human Papilloma Virus' Life Cycle and Carcinogenesis.

[This retracts the article , PMID: 28465751.].

New evidence on oral L. plantarum P17630 product in women with history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC): a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Objective: To evaluate activity and tolerability of an oral product containing the specific probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum P17630 on vaginal colonization of lactic acid bacteria.

Patients And Methods: L. plantarum P17630 (5x109 CFU/capsule) or placebo were formulated in capsules and administrated orally to a total of 93 women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis over a period of 3 treatment cycles (15 days/cycle) separated by 15-day wash-out intervals.

Antenatal diagnosis and prognostic factors of aneurysmal malformation of the vein of Galen: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare complex malformation of the cerebral vascular system consisting of arteriovenous shunts between the vein of Galen and the cerebral arteries.

Patient Concerns: We present the case of a 31-year-old pregnant woman, para 1, gravida 1.

Diagnoses: At 26 weeks' gestation who was examined for an anechoic mass on the cerebral median midline with color and pulsed Doppler.

Morphological, imaging and surgical aspects in a complex case of uterine leiomyosarcoma - case report and review of the literature.

Leiomyosarcoma is a rare condition so there are relatively few and small case series and no prospective studies to provide clear guidelines regarding management. We report on a case that presents some particularities that further underline diagnostic and treatment difficulties posed by the affliction of such a rare tumor. This is the case of a 43-year-old woman who had a large tumor arising from the uterus, with a spectacular growth rate over a short period.

The importance of perinatal autopsy. Review of the literature and series of cases.

Perinatal autopsy remains the gold-standard procedure used to establish the fetal, neonatal or infant abnormalities. Progressively, perinatal pathology has become a specialized field with important roles of audit for fetal prenatal diagnostic tools, in parents counseling regarding future pregnancies, in scientific research, for epidemiology of congenital abnormalities and teaching. The differences between prenatal ultrasound and autopsy reports represent a strong argument for the autopsy examination following termination of pregnancy.

Synchronous bilateral primary ovarian carcinoma - case presentation.

Bilateral synchronous primary ovarian carcinoma, histopathologically identical or different is a rare entity encountered in clinical practice. We present the case of a 38-year-old patient who is admitted with the presence of a massive pelvic abdominal tumor formation of 45÷35÷25 cm occupying the lower pelvic and upper abdominal floor, reaching halfway distance between the umbilicus and sternum and lateral bilaterally in the two abdominal flanks until iliac wing. The mixed transabdominal÷transvaginal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT), establish the diagnosis of bilateral ovarian tumor.

Multicentric studies of the fetal neurobehavior by KANET test.

Assessment of fetal neurobehavior and detection of neurological impairment prenatally has been a great challenge in perinatal medicine. The evolution of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound not only enabled a better visualization of fetal anatomy but also allowed the study of fetal behavior in real time. Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test (KANET) was developed for the assessment of fetal neurobehavior and the detection of neurological disorders, based on the assessment of the fetus by application of 4D ultrasound in the same way that a neonate is assessed postnatally.

Ultrasound and MRI comprehensive approach in prenatal diagnosis of fetal osteochondrodysplasias. Cases series.

Aim: To present the systematic ultrasonographic assessment in fetal osteochondrodysplasias and to evaluate the fetal MRI intake, as a complementary exploration to US, in the prenatal diagnosis and perinatal prognosis of fetal nonlethal osteochondrodysplasias. Material and methods: In this tertiary multicentre study were included 37 cases diagnosed prenatally with various entities in the category of nonlethal fetal osteochondrodysplasias. The initial diagnosis was carried out by the routine or detailed ultrasound examination.

Diagnosis of endometriotic lesions by sonovaginography with ultrasound gel.

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of sonovaginography (SVG) with ultrasound gel in patients with endometriosis.

Material And Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective study, which included 193 patients with symptoms highly suggestive for endometriosis. All patients were investigated by transvaginal sonography and SVG with gel and afterwards underwent laparoscopic surgery.

Umbilical hernia masking primary umbilical endometriosis - a case report.

Endometriosis is a gynecologic condition affecting mainly the pelvic organs. However, extrapelvic endometriosis has been reported in almost all parts of the body. Umbilical endometriosis, either primary or secondary, is uncommon and has a documented neoplastic risk.