Reduced Immune Response to Inactivated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine in a Cohort of Immunocompromised Patients in Chile.

Background: Inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have been widely implemented in low- and middle-income countries. However, immunogenicity in immunocompromised patients has not been established. Herein, we aimed to evaluate immune response to CoronaVac vaccine in these patients.

Serum biochemical markers in drowning: diagnostic efficacy of Strontium and other trace elements.

The aim of our study was to analyse several serum biochemical markers in order to evaluate the discriminant capacity of trace elements individually and jointly in drowning (seawater drowning and freshwater drowning) and their correlation with age, sex, postmortem interval, time in water and concentrations of the trace elements in the drowning medium. Sixty-seven cases of drowning (53 seawater drownings (SWD); 14 freshwater drownings (FWD) and 73 control cases (other asphyxias, n=44, and other causes of death, n=29) were selected according to the scene, cause and circumstances of death, together with autopsy findings. Serum strontium (Sr), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), urea, creatinine (Cr) and cardiac Troponine T (cTn-T) were measured in the left ventricle (Lv), right ventricle (Rv) and peripheral blood.

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Euphorbia caracasana and E. cotinifolia (Euphorbiaceae) from Venezuela.

The essential oils from leaves of E. caracasana Boiss collected from Miyoi, Pueblo Llano, Mérida State at 1800 m above sea level and leaves of E. cotinifolia L collected from Manzano Alto-Ejido, Mérida State at 1520 m were analyzed by GC/MS.

Histological findings and immunohistochemical surfactant protein A (SP-A) expression in asphyxia: its application in the diagnosis of drowning.

The histopathological alterations that permit the diagnosis of death by asphyxia are very unspecific, although pulmonary alterations are of great importance in this respect. The postmortem diagnosis of drowning, particularly, continues to be one of the most difficult in forensic pathology. The aim of this study is to jointly evaluate microscopic findings and immunohistochemical surfactant protein A (SP-A) expression in the upper and lower lobes of lungs in different causes of death, and their possible application to the diagnosis of drowning.

Strontium levels in different causes of death: diagnostic efficacy in drowning.

Trace element determination can be applied in forensic medicine to diagnose the cause of death. Drowning is the second leading cause of death from unintentional injury. Despite the many diagnostic methods used, the post-mortem diagnosis of drowning continues to be one of the most difficult in forensic pathology.

[Trends in the prevalence of tuberculosis among six-year-olds in Albacete (Spain)].

Objectives: To analyze the prevalence and evolution of tuberculous infection among 6-year-olds in Albacete and its relation to socioeconomic status of the family.

Method: A tuberculin test (2UT RT-23 Tween 80) was given to 6-year-old school children in and around Albacete in 1992 and 1999. We calculated the prevalence of tuberculosis and the relation to family socioeconomic level as assessed by the parents' level of education of the area of residence.

[Usefulness of computerized tomography and bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis. Analysis of 482 cases].

Objective: We have examined the computed chest tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy utility in diagnosis and accurately identifying the sites of pulmonary bleeding in patients with hemoptysis.

Methods: We prospectively reviewed the etiology and the site of bleeding of 482 patients with hemoptysis who had undergone bronchoscopy and CT when we suspected a carcinoma, bronchiectasis or the type of bleeding. We analyzed the age, sex, history of tobacco, bleeding, chest radiography, chest computed tomography and bronchoscopy.

[Usefulness of carcinoembryonic antigen and other markers in patients with hemoptysis].

Objective: We have examined the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and other tumor markers (immunoglobulins, CA 19.9, LDH, alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin) with the purpose of recognize their utility in patients with hemoptysis and patients older than 45 years with a positive smoking history and hemoptysis.

Methods: We measured, analyzed and compared these markers in 336 patients with a known etiology of hemoptysis divided in group I (malignant etiology) with 101 cases (30.

[Tracheobronchomegaly: an exceptional predisposing factor for pulmonary aspergillomas and massive hemoptysis].

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome--or tracheobronchomegaly--is a rare congenital disorder characterized by significant dilation of the trachea and main bronchi. It is accompanied by ineffective cough and is often complicated by recurrent lung infections and bronchiectasis. Clinical presentation varies widely, ranging from forms with scarce involvement of functional capacity to others that progress to respiratory failure that can prove fatal.

[Impact of gender and influence of tobacco on the etiology of patients with hemoptysis].

Objective: To evaluate the importance of the sex and the influence of tobacco on the etiology of patients with hemoptysis.

Methods: We analyzed and compared the etiology of 394 consecutive patients with hemoptysis, divided in two groups: I (males) and II (females), and stratified in relation to tobacco.

Results: 305 males (77.

A study among the population of Sevilla of death due to submersion.

Death due to submersion is of great interest from the medical-legal point of view, given the increase in nautical activity among children and adults alike over the past number of years. However, the lack of reliable statistical data concerning the impact of this specific form of death in our country must be emphasized. These are the circumstances that have led us to study the incidence of this form of death in a specific area.

[Paroxysmal melanoptysis secondary to the cavitation of pulmonary pneumoconiosis conglomerate].

Progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) secondary to pneumoconiosis involves the formation of fibrotic masses that eventually cause death from multiple complications. We present a rare but potentially serious complication in a patient with coal pneumoconiosis with PMF, in whom the appearance of paroxysmal melanoptysis was attributed to the cavitation of one of the pneumoconiotic masses. We emphasize the need for differential diagnosis to exclude other more common causes, as well as the use of bronchoscopy for diagnosis and confirmation.

[Diaphragm paralysis as a complication of internal jugular vein puncture].

Rare complications of using the internal jugular vein for vascular access are related to puncture of neighboring organs or other structures. We report the atypical case of a 55-years-old woman with unilateral diaphragm paralysis attributed to accidental damage of the phrenic nerve during an attempt to canalize the internal jugular vein. Other more common causes were ruled out.

Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia with multiple cavitary lung nodules.

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a pulmonary disorder with a wide spectrum of radiological features. We report the case of a 58 year old woman, in whom the radiological appearance was multiple cavitary nodules in both lungs, that responded with a complete resolution after corticosteroid therapy. This finding justifies the inclusion of BOOP in the differential diagnosis of multiple cavitary nodules.

[The prevalence of tuberculous infection in the 6- to 7-year-old schoolchild population in Albacete].

To analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis infection, tuberculin tests were given to 3,292 elementary school children in the first and second grades in the environs of Albacete (Spain) in 1992. There were 1,532 children aged 6 (122 vaccinated with BCG) and 1,760 children aged 7 (162 vaccinated); 51 children tested positive (20 who had been vaccinated and 31 who had not been). The prevalence of infection was 0.

[Pneumonitis secondary to the inhalation of isocyanates. An analysis of 2 cases].

We present two patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease attributed to two different forms of presentation of pneumonitis due to inhalation of isocyanates. The first case was acute and accidental and the second was due to longer workplace exposure. In both cases, clinical, radiological and lung function findings as well as results of bronchoalveolar lavage were similar to those of hypersensitivity pneumonitis triggered by organic agents.

[Diffuse mediastinal lipomatosis and exogenous obesity].

A case of diffuse mediastinal lipomatosis (ML) is described, associated to exogenous obesity, infrequent entity, which is comprehended within the causes which can cause mediastinal broadening. The clinical characteristics of our observation and the general aspects of interest are reviewed for this type of mediastinal affectation.

Precision of estimating time of death by vitreous potassium--comparison of various equations.

This paper is a study of the precision of estimating the time since death comparing the equations developed by different authors. Our aim is to determine with the maximum degree of accuracy the exact time of death of the individual. We consider that the study has been fully justified by the observed differences in the results obtained from the different equations under study when the concentration of potassium in the vitreous humour was identical.

Group-specific component (GC) polymorphism in Cádiz (southern Spain).

The genetic polymorphism of group-specific component (GC) was analysed in a sample of 443 healthy unrelated subjects of both sexes resident in the province of Cádiz (Southern Spain). Isoelectric focusing was carried out in polyacrylamide gels followed by staining with coomassie blue R 250. The estimated gene frequencies were as follows: GC*1S = 0.