High-risk neighbourhoods and behaviour outcomes in children born extremely preterm.

Aim: Study the association between neighbourhood risk and behaviour in extreme preterm (EPT) children. We hypothesised that EPT children living in high-risk neighbourhoods have increased risk of clinical range behaviour problems at age 30-36 months.

Methods: Retrospective analyses of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)scores for 739 EPTs born 2005-2016.

Strategies and Challenges of a Safe Fireplace Program in Rural Kenya: A Qualitative Study.

There is a lack of information on effective burn prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to examine a safe fireplace program, as a method of burn prevention, in a resource-limited setting. We conducted a qualitative, phenomenological study at a community health and development program for a rural population in Kenya.

Neighborhood risk and prenatal care utilization in Rhode Island, 2005-2014.

Background: The importance of prenatal care is undeniable, as pregnant persons who receive on-time, adequate prenatal care have better maternal and infant health outcomes compared with those receiving late, less than adequate prenatal care. Previous studies assessing the relationship between neighborhood factors and maternal health outcomes have typically looked at singular neighborhood variables and their relationship with maternal health outcomes. In order to examine a greater number of place-based risk factors simultaneously, our analysis used a unique neighborhood risk index to assess the association between cumulative risk and prenatal care utilization, which no other studies have done.

Infant Health Care Disruptions by Race and Ethnicity, Income, and Insurance During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: Research has found disruptions in pediatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic, likely exacerbating existing disparities, which has not been explored among infants. This study evaluated how infant health care was disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic overall and by race and ethnicity, income, and insurance type.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System COVID-19 supplement with data from 29 jurisdictions to examine infant health care disruptions due to the pandemic: 1) well visits/checkups canceled or delayed, 2) well visits/checkups changed to virtual appointments, and 3) postponed immunizations.

How Close Are You to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?

The objective of this study is to evaluate if proximity to food sources, rather than density, is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Rhode Island birth certificate data from 2015-2016 were utilized. A proximity analysis was used to determine the distance from each pregnant person's home address to the closest food source (fast food restaurant, supermarket, and farmers market/community garden).

Financial strain and depression in the U.S.: a scoping review.

While the association between assets and depression has been established, less is known about the link between financial strain and depression. Given rising financial strain and economic inequity due to the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the role that financial strain plays in shaping population depression in the United States is particularly salient. We conducted a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature on financial strain and depression published from inception through January 19, 2023, in Embase, Medline via PubMed, and PsycINFO, PsycArticles, SocINDEX, and EconLit via Ebsco.

Neighborhood disparities and the burden of lead poisoning.

Background: To assess the persistence of neighborhood-level lead poisoning disparities in Rhode Island.

Methods: Rhode Island Department of Health blood lead levels (BLL) collected from 2006-2019 were linked to census block group rates of poverty and housing built pre-1950. We computed multivariate logistic regression models of elevated BLLs (≥5 µg/dL and ≥10 µg/dL).

Third-Grade Educational Outcomes of the Children of Adolescent Women.

Objectives: To evaluate third-grade reading and math proficiency for children born to adolescent women compared with those born to non-adolescent women.

Methods: A statewide, retrospective cohort study was conducted in Rhode Island using third-grade year-end examination data from 2014 to 2017 as part of a statewide initiative to improve third grade reading levels. Children's third-grade reading and math proficiencies were compared between those born to nulliparous adolescent women (age 15-19 at the time of delivery), and nulliparous women 20 years or older at delivery.

From Descriptive to Predictive: Linking Early Childhood Developmental and Behavioral Screening Results With Educational Outcomes in Kindergarten.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of a pediatric screening tool by linking 2 independent databases: an educational database that includes data from standardized academic assessments administered during kindergarten and a pediatric database that includes screening results.

Methods: A database that includes results of the Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC) completed during pediatric visits were linked to an educational database that includes STAR Early Literacy examinations in kindergarten. Linear multilevel regression modeling was used to examine if screening results on the developmental and behavioral sections of the most recently completed SWYC form predicted trends in the percentile rank on the STAR exam over the school year, adjusting for potential confounders.

Early childhood educational outcomes of children associated with vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.

Background: Rates of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery have decreased and cesarean delivery rates have increased in the last 2 decades. Evidence on short-term neonatal outcomes is available, but data on long-term childhood outcomes following vaginal birth after cesarean delivery are insufficient. Long-term childhood outcome data are essential in decision-making regarding mode of delivery.

A systematic review of the qualitative literature on barriers to high-quality prenatal and postpartum care among low-income women.

Objective: To examine the qualitative literature on low-income women's perspectives on the barriers to high-quality prenatal and postpartum care.

Data Sources And Study Setting: We performed searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SocIndex, and CINAHL for peer-reviewed studies published between 1990 and 2021.

Study Design: A systematic review of qualitative studies with participants who were currently pregnant or had delivered within the past 2 years and identified as low-income at delivery.

Assets, stressors, and symptoms of persistent depression over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been accompanied by an increase in depression in U.S. adults.

Wealth and depression: A scoping review.

Introduction: The inverse relation between income and depression is well established. Less is understood about the relation between wealth and depression. We therefore conducted a scoping review to answer the question: What is known from the existing literature about the relation between wealth and depression?

Methods: We searched for studies and articles in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, EconLit, and SocINDEX from inception through July 19, 2020.

High-Risk Neighborhoods and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Born Preterm.

Objective: To study the association between neighborhood risk and moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 22-26 months corrected age in children born at <34 weeks of gestation. We hypothesized that infants born preterm living in high-risk neighborhoods would have a greater risk of NDI and cognitive, motor, and language delays.

Study Design: We studied a retrospective cohort of 1291 infants born preterm between 2005 and 2016, excluding infants with congenital anomalies.

Persistent depressive symptoms during COVID-19: a national, population-representative, longitudinal study of U.S. adults.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have been associated with an increase in poor population mental health. We assessed how depressive symptoms changed among U.S.

Protocol for the Rhode Island CORD 3.0 Study: Adapting, Testing, and Packaging the Family-Based Childhood Obesity Program in Low-Income Communities.

Overweight and obesity in children is a public health crisis in the United States. Although evidence-based interventions have been developed, such programs are difficult to access. Dissemination of evidence-based pediatric weight management interventions (PWMIs) to families from diverse low-income communities is the primary objective of the CDC Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) projects.

Evaluating Housing Characteristics Associated With Childhood Lead Exposure in Providence, Rhode Island.

Objective: This research aims to take an in-depth look into the child, housing, and neighborhood characteristics associated with Providence children's likelihood of having elevated blood lead levels (BLLs).

Design And Setting: The 2019 Providence, Rhode Island, Property Tax Assessor's database, containing each property owner's address, was geocoded and spatially joined with the 2017-2019 blood lead tests for children aged 0 to 6 years from the Rhode Island Department of Health.

Main Outcome Measures: The prevalence of elevated BLLs (≥5 μg/dL) overall, as well as by property type, number of properties owned, owner occupancy, assessed value, and neighborhood rates of old housing and poverty, was computed.

Association between maternal hypertensive disorders, fetal growth and childhood learning outcomes.

Objective: Both small for gestational age (SGA) birthweight and pregnancies complicated by maternal hypertension (HTN) are independently associated with poorer childhood learning outcomes, however the relative contribution of each remains unknown.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort was created in which 2014-2017 third grade Rhode Island Department of Education data were linked to Rhode Island Department of Health birth certificate data. The study population was composed of non-anomalous, singleton births between 22- and 42-weeks' gestation.

Neighborhood risk: Socioeconomic status and hospital admission for pediatric burn patients.

Background: Burn injury continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the US pediatric population. Many studies using inpatient samples have found a relationship between low socioeconomic status (SES) and burn injury. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between SES and the likelihood of admission for Emergency Department (ED) visits for pediatric burn injury.

Whole-body MR imaging in suspected physical child abuse: comparison with skeletal survey and bone scintigraphy findings from the PEDIMA prospective multicentre study.

Objectives: To assess the contribution of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) and bone scintigraphy (BS) in addition to skeletal survey (SS) in detecting traumatic bone lesions and soft-tissue injuries in suspected child abuse.

Methods: In this prospective, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study, children less than 3 years of age with suspected physical abuse were recruited. Each child underwent SS, BS and WBMRI.

Childhood Overweight/Obesity and the Physical Activity Environment in Rhode Island.

Objective: This study seeks to better understand the relationship between the physical activity environment and child overweight/obesity in Rhode Island.

Methods: Using geographic information systems (GIS), this study calculated distances from residences to physical activity resources to assess the relationship distance has with childhood overweight/obesity.

Results: Mean distances in high-risk towns ranged from 0.

Operative vaginal delivery and third grade educational outcomes.

Background: Operative vaginal delivery rates continue to drop nationally with many citing neonatal safety concerns as a primary driver of this decrease. Previous evidence on short-term neonatal outcomes does not support this concern.

Objective: This study aimed to better understand the impact of delivery mode on childhood educational outcomes.

Low assets and financial stressors associated with higher depression during COVID-19 in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Background: COVID-19 and related containment policies have caused or heightened financial stressors for many in the USA. We assessed the relation between assets, financial stressors and probable depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Between 31 March 2020 and 13 April 2020, we surveyed a probability-based, nationally representative sample of US adults ages 18 and older using the COVID-19 and Life stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being survey (n=1441).