Hyperinsulinemia and urinary calcium excretion in calcium stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria.

Context: Calcium stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) are known to exhibit an exaggerated postprandial rise in urine calcium excretion compared with non-stone-forming individuals, and insulin has been proposed to mediate this difference.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the impact of hyperinsulinemia on urine calcium excretion in IH compared with non-stone-forming controls.

Participants And Setting: Ten IH patients and 22 control non-stone-forming subjects (8 lean and 14 overweight and obese) participated at the University of Texas Southwestern Clinical and Translational Research Center.

Benign adrenal adenomas secreting excess mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids.

Objective: To recognize that benign adrenal adenomas can co-secrete excess aldosterone and cortisol, which can change clinical management.

Methods: We reviewed the clinical and histological features of an adrenal tumor co-secreting aldosterone and cortisol in a patient. Biochemical testing as well as postoperative immunohistochemistry was carried out on tissue samples for assessing enzymes involved in steroidogenesis.

Ectopic atypical parathyroid lipoadenoma: a rare cause of severe primary hyperparathyroidism.

Parathyroid lipoadenomas are a rare and benign variant of parathyroid adenomas that are defined morphologically by an abundance of fat cells. They may be functional with secretion of parathyroid hormone or nonfunctional. We present a case of a parathyroid lipoadenoma in a patient presenting with clinical manifestations of severe primary hyperparathyroidism.

The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

Human chromosome 12 contains more than 1,400 coding genes and 487 loci that have been directly implicated in human disease. The q arm of chromosome 12 contains one of the largest blocks of linkage disequilibrium found in the human genome. Here we present the finished sequence of human chromosome 12, which has been finished to high quality and spans approximately 132 megabases, representing approximately 4.