International guideline comparison of lifestyle management for acute coronary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A rapid review.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a life-threatening condition, with ACS-associated morbidity and mortality causing substantial human and economic challenges to the individual and health services. Due to shared disease determinants, those with ACS have a high risk of comorbid Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite this, the two conditions are managed separately, duplicating workload for staff and increasing the number of appointments and complexity of patient management plans.

Can Clinical Outcomes Be Improved, and Inpatient Length of Stay Reduced for Adults With Diabetes? A Systematic Review.

Aim: To examine the efficacy of clinical practice strategies in improving clinical outcomes and reducing length of hospital stay for inpatients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Background: People living with diabetes are at increased risk of being admitted to hospital and to stay in hospital longer than those who do not have the condition. Diabetes and its complications cause substantial economic loss to those living with the condition, their families, to health systems and national economies through direct medical costs and loss of work and wages.

Exploring ways to enhance pain management for older people with dementia in acute care settings using a Participatory Action Research approach.

Background: Dementia is a progressive condition that leads to reduced cognition, deteriorating communication and is a risk factor for other acute and chronic health problems. The rise in the prevalence of dementia means untreated pain is becoming increasingly common with healthcare staff being challenged to provide optimal pain management. This negatively impacts the person living with dementia and their carers.

Duty of care trumps utilitarianism in multi-professional obesity management decisions.

Background: Escalating levels of obesity place enormous and growing demands on Health care provision in the (U.K.) United Kingdom.

Exploring variation in ambulance calls and conveyance rates for adults with diabetes mellitus who contact the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service: a retrospective database analysis.

Background: People with diabetes frequently contact the ambulance service about acute problems. Overall, treating diabetes and its associated complications costs the NHS 10% of the annual budget. Reducing unnecessary hospital admissions and ambulance attendances is a high priority policy for the NHS across the UK.

Women's experiences when caring for relatives with mental illness in Northern Ireland: A qualitative study.

Care in the Community policies has led to people with mental illness receiving treatment and care at home; however, few studies have examined the impact on carers of providing care to a person with mental illness. This was a qualitative study of the experiences of 11 women who are informal carers of people with a long-term mental illness. The study aimed to gain an understanding of the characteristics of this particular caregiving context that contributes to the stress of the role, and to identify the ways in which services could support women in these roles to promote their wellbeing and support the recovery of those they care for.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family carers in the community: A scoping review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the closure or reduction in support services for family carers, resulting in increased social isolation and stress for this population. The current scoping review aimed to identify the impact of COVID-19 upon carers and support provided for them during the pandemic. Four online databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and PubMed) were systematically searched on 16th December 2020 and updated on 16th July 2021 for articles written in English and published after January 2020, focused on the carer and the impact of COVID-19.

Overcoming Barriers to Injectable Therapies: Development of the ORBIT Intervention Within a Behavioural Change Framework.

It is estimated among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) requiring injectable therapies to achieve optimal glycaemic control, one-third are reluctant to initiate therapies, with approximately 80% choosing to discontinue or interrupt injectable regimens soon after commencement. Initiation of injectables is a complex issue, with effectiveness of such treatments undermined by non-adherence or poor engagement. Poor engagement and adherence are attributed to psychological aspects such as individuals' negative perceptions of injectables, depression, anxiety, feelings of shame, distress and perceived lack of control over their condition.

Estimating and examining the costs of inpatient diabetes care in an Irish Public Hospital.

Aim: To estimate and examine hospitalisation costs of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in an Irish public hospital.

Methods: A retrospective audit of hospital inpatient admissions over a 5-year period was undertaken, and a wide range of admission-related data were collected for a sample of 7,548 admissions. Hospitalisations were costed using the diagnosis-related group methodology.

Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Non-ICU Hospital Settings for People With Diabetes: A Scoping Review of Emerging Benefits and Issues.

Background: Evidence indicates that poor glycemic control is associated with increased morbidity and length of stay in hospital. There are a wide range of guidelines published, which seek to ensure safe and effective inpatient glycemic control in the hospital setting. However, the implementation of these protocols is limited in practice.

Reducing unscheduled hospital care for adults with diabetes following a hypoglycaemic event: which community-based interventions are most effective? A systematic review.

Aim: To determine which community-based interventions are most effective at reducing unscheduled hospital care for hypoglycaemic events in adults with diabetes.

Methods: Medline Ovid, CINAHL Plus and ProQuest Health and Medical Collection were searched using both key search terms and medical subject heading terms (MeSH) to identify potentially relevant studies. Eligible studies were those that involved a community-based intervention to reduce unscheduled admissions in adults with diabetes.

Progression to unscheduled hospital admissions in people with diabetes: a qualitative interview study.

Background: People with diabetes often have difficulty maintaining optimal blood glucose levels, risking progressive complications that can lead to unscheduled care. Unscheduled care can include attending emergency departments, ambulance callouts, out-of-hours care, and non-elective hospital admissions. A large proportion of non-elective hospital admissions involve people with diabetes, with significant health and economic burden.

Florence Nightingale's legacy for clinical academics: A framework analysis of a clinical professorial network and a model for clinical academia.

Background: Clinical academic nursing roles are rare, and clinical academic leadership positions even more scarce. Amongst the United Kingdom (UK) academia, only 3% of nurses who are employed within universities are clinically active. Furthermore, access to research fellowships and research grant funding for nurses in clinical or academic practice is also limited.

Moderating the relationship between diabetes distress and mastery: the role of depression and empowerment.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition primarily self-managed by the individual. Mastery is a protective factor linked to better control of chronic conditions, effective self-management and improved medication adherence. Mastery appears increasingly important as treatment regimens and self-management demands become more complex and burdensome.

Challenges to conducting randomised controlled trials with adults with intellectual disabilities: Experiences of international experts.

Background: Globally, conducting randomised controlled trials can be a complex endeavour. The complexity increases when including participants with cognitive or intellectual disabilities. A fuller understanding of the barriers and challenges that can be expected in such trials may help researchers to make their trials more inclusive for people with disabilities.

Patient and service-related barriers and facitators to the acceptance and use of interventions to promote communication in health and social care: a realist review.

Background: More people living into old age with dementia. The complexity of treatment and care, particularly those with multiple health problems, can be experienced as disjointed. As part of an evaluation of a 'healthcare passport' for people living with dementia we undertook a realist review of communication tools within health and social care for people living with dementia.

Acceptability and use of a patient-held communication tool for people living with dementia: a longitudinal qualitative study.

Objectives: To assess the acceptability and use of a low-cost patient-held communication tool.

Design: Longitudinal qualitative interviews at three time points over 18 months and document content analysis.

Setting: Primary and community services.

"What's the Point?": Understanding Why People With Type 2 Diabetes Decline Structured Education.

Structured diabetes education (SDE) is an evidence-based intervention that supports self-management in people with type 2 diabetes. In the United Kingdom, health care providers working in primary care settings are responsible for referring people with type 2 diabetes to SDE programs. However, national audits record a high percentage of nonattenders.

Using a Delphi survey to gain an international consensus on the challenges of conducting trials with adults with intellectual disabilities.

Background/aims: People with intellectual disability experience higher rates of multi-morbidity and health inequalities, they are frequently prescribed medications and more likely to have an avoidable or premature death. There is a recognised lack of randomised controlled trials, and subsequently a lack of evidence base, for many of the interventions and treatments provided to people with intellectual disabilities. Very few disability-specific trials are conducted, and people with intellectual, and other cognitive, disabilities are routinely excluded from mainstream trials.

Impact of digital technologies for communicating messages on weight loss maintenance: a systematic literature review.

Background: Research into the use of digital technology for weight loss maintenance (intentionally losing at least 10% of initial body weight and actively maintaining it) is limited. The aim of this article was to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the use of digital technologies for communicating on weight loss maintenance to determine its' effectiveness, and identify gaps and areas for further research.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted by searching electronic databases to locate publications dated between 2006 and February 2018.

Using qualitative data to enhance our understanding of the reasons young people decline Structured Diabetes Education programmes.

Aim: To explore the reasons young people with type 1 diabetes decline Structured Diabetes Education from the perspectives of the young people themselves, their parents and diabetes educators.

Background: Structured Diabetes Education programmes that are evidence based and quality assured are a key component to empowering people with diabetes to self-manage effectively. However, research reveals that uptake of structured education programmes is disappointingly low.

A systematic review of the methodological and practical challenges of undertaking randomised-controlled trials with cognitive disability populations.

Approximately 10% of the world's population have a cognitive disability. Cognitive disabilities can have a profound impact on a person's social, cognitive or mental functioning, requiring high levels of costly health and social support. Therefore, it is imperative that interventions and services received are based upon a sound evidence-base.

Declining structured diabetes education in those with type 2 diabetes: A plethora of individual and organisational reasons.

Objective: to identify the expressed reasons adults with type 2 diabetes decline structured diabetes education (SDE).

Methods: cross sectional survey of 335 adults with type 2 diabetes who had declined SDE within the past two years, from across Northern Ireland and England. Standardised instruments comprising The Diabetes Attitude Scale, Diabetes Empowerment Scale (Short Form), and Diabetes Knowledge Test plus a questionnaire to elicit the reasons for declining SDE were used.

Feasibility of the Namaste Care Programme to enhance care for those with advanced dementia.

Many individuals approaching the end of life with advanced dementia will live in a care or residential home. A wide spectrum of care is required and physical and safety needs may be prioritised above all other requirements. The Namaste Care Programme is designed to provide a holistic approach to meeting the needs of those with advanced dementia.

Views of Caregivers on the Ethics of Assistive Technology Used for Home Surveillance of People Living with Dementia.

This paper examines the ethics of using assistive technology such as video surveillance in the homes of people living with dementia. Ideation and concept elaboration around the introduction of a camera-based surveillance service in the homes of people with dementia, typically living alone, is explored. The paper reviews relevant literature on surveillance of people living with dementia, and summarises the findings from ideation and concept elaboration workshops, designed to capture the views of those involved in the care of people living with dementia at home.