Prenatal diagnosis of bladder exstrophy by fetal MRI.

Purpose: To review our experience with prenatal diagnosis of bladder exstrophy by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bladder exstrophy can be diagnosed by ultrasonography (US) evaluation of the fetus based on absence of bladder filling, low-set umbilicus, small genitalia and lower abdominal mass, although in some instances more accurate anatomical information is desired.

Material And Methods: We studied three patients at mean gestational age of 27.

Adrenal masses: characterization with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy--initial experience.

Purpose: To prospectively determine the accuracy of in vivo proton ((1)H) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in distinguishing adrenal adenomas, pheochromocytomas, adrenocortical carcinomas, and metastases, with histologic or computed tomographic findings and follow-up data as the reference standards.

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained. Sixty consecutive patients (24 male and 36 female patients; mean age, 53 years) harboring adrenal tumors larger than 2 cm in diameter (mean diameter, 4.

Imaging procedures in adrenal pathology.

Imaging plays a vital role in the evaluation of adrenal pathology. The most widely used modalities are computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Alone or in conjunction with appropriate clinical and biochemical data, imaging can provide specific diagnoses that preclude the need for tissue sampling.