Management of patients with rectocele, multiple pelvic floor dysfunctions and obstructed defecation syndrome.

Context: Management of patients with obstructed defecation syndrome is still controversial.

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of clinical, clinical treatment followed by biofeedback, and surgical treatment in patients with obstructed defecation, rectocele and multiple dysfunctions evaluated with echodefecography.

Methods: The study included 103 females aged 26-84 years with obstructed defecation, grade-II/III rectocele and multiple dysfunctions on echodefecography.

Anatomic characteristics of anal fistula on three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography.

Background: Surgery for anal fistula is often associated with continence disorders due to the transection of sphincter muscles. Extensive knowledge of anal canal anatomy and anal fistula can help prevent this outcome.

Objective: This study aimed to correlate the anatomical conformation of the anal canal, the fistula track, and the internal opening according to sex and hemicircumference (anterior vs posterior) by use of 3-dimensional ultrasonography.