Antimicrobial use for treatment of healthcare-associated infections and bacterial resistance in a reference neonatal unit.

Objective: The use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, such as third and fourth-generation, are responsible for emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms in neonatal units. Furthermore, antimicrobial daily doses are not standardized in neonatology. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of antimicrobial broad spectrum to bacterial sensitivity profile in a referral unit of neonatal progressive care.

Clinical usefulness of catheter-drawn blood samples and catheter-tip cultures for the diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infections in neonates.

Catheter-drawn blood sampling is an efficient method of diagnosing catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in neonates; it has greater sensitivity and accuracy than methods using catheter-tip cultures. No association was detected between catheter-drawn blood sampling and the occurrence of adverse events with central venous catheters.

Risk factors for central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection in neonates.

We found that low birth weight and type of central venous catheter were associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection in neonates. In the multivariate analysis, only central venous catheter type (dissected veins, tunneled catheters, and short-term nontunneled catheters) remained significantly associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection.

Risk factors for central venous catheter-related infections in a neonatal population - systematic review.

Objective: This was a systematic review of the incidence density and risk factors for central venous catheter-related infections in a neonatal population.

Data Source: The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, BDENF, SciELO, and LILACS databases were used without date or language restriction. Studies that analyzed risk factors for bloodstream infections in newborns were identified.

Serum levels of vancomycin: is there a prediction using doses in mg/kg/day or m(2)/day for neonates?

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus has been identified as the main nosocomial agent of neonatal late-onset sepsis. However, based on the pharmacokinetics and erratic distribution of vancomycin, recommended empirical dose is not ideal, due to the inappropriate serum levels that have been measured in neonates. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of vancomycin used in newborns and compare the prediction of adequate serum levels based on doses calculated according to mg/kg/day and m(2)/day.

Empirical antimicrobial therapy for late-onset sepsis in a neonatal unit with high prevalence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare two different empiric treatments for late-onset neonatal sepsis, vancomycin and oxacillin, in a neonatal intensive care unit with a high prevalence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an neonatal intensive care unit from 2011 to 2014. Data from the medical records of at-risk newborns were collected daily.

Incidence of infectious complications associated with central venous catheters in pediatric population.

Background: Central venous catheters (CVC) are essential in intensive pediatric care units (PICU). Preventive measures during insertion and maintenance reduce infection risks.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2010 to December 2011 in a Brazilian university hospital PICU.

Risk factors and preventive measures for catheter-related bloodstream infections.

Objective: To review the risk factors of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection and the recommendations for its prevention.

Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration and Bireme were reviewed using the following inclusion criteria: studies published between 2000 and 2010, study design, hospitalized pediatric population with central venous catheters and studies about central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection. In addition, reference documents were retrieved from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency.

[Utilization of parenteral drugs in vials at a pediatric unit of a university hospital].

This observational study aimed to determine the frequency of utilization of vials containing parenteral medications in a pediatric unit, and to identify nursing team actions related to their preparation and administration. Data were collected from prescription forms and by checking these drugs in the refrigerator and stocks at the unit. Vials were prescribed to 30.