Do isometric, isotonic and/or isokinetic strength trainings produce different strength outcomes?

Introduction: Several studies have been developed to determine which type of muscular action (isometric, isotonic and isokinetic) elicits more gains in functional strength and muscle mass. The comparisons between training outcomes are inconclusive due to lack of exercise standardization.

Objective: To compare muscle strength, mass, and functional performance in response to isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic contractions, when training loads (volume and intensity) are equated.

Overuse of training increases mechanoreceptors in supraspinatus tendon of rats SHR.

The presence of mechanoreceptors in tendon after overuse activities can be a further step to learn about tendinopathy and overuse. Studies of tendons mechanoreceptors in rats are rare. We studied 12 isogenic spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), which underwent an overuse protocol consisting of an hour per daily session of treadmill running at a speed of 17 m/min, 5 times/week for 4 months.

Absence of the predisposing factors and signs and symptoms usually associated with overreaching and overtraining in physical fitness centers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of the well-known predisposing factors and signs and symptoms usually associated with either overreaching or overtraining syndrome in physical fitness centers in São Paulo City, Brazil.

Method: A questionnaire consisting of 13 question groups pertaining to either predisposing factors (1-7) or signs and symptoms (8-13) was given to 413 subjects. The general training schedule of the volunteers was characterized by workout sessions of 2.

Aerobic exercise affects C57BL/6 murine intestinal contractile function.

This study investigated the influence of a moderate exercise training program on the intestinal contractility based on the hypothesis that this organ may endure repetitive periods of ischemia-reperfusion events during moderate aerobic training (10, 25, 40, and 55 days of 60-min treadmill running at 13-21 m/min, 5 days/week). The adaptation of the animal to this program was assessed by significant increase of animal physical performance associated with a mild increase in the wet heart mass-to-body mass ratio. The endurance exercise training caused functional changes of the C57BL/6 ileum contractility, mainly causing a significant reduction of the efficacy of both the electro- (KCl) and pharmacomechanical (acetylcholine, [2-lysine]-angiotensin II, and bradykinin) couplings after 55 days of moderate treadmill running.