Gabapentin: Clinical Use and Pharmacokinetics in Dogs, Cats, and Horses.

Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant drug, which presents an established clinical efficacy in human patients for the management of refractory partial seizures, secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and for the control of chronic neuropathic pain. Gabapentin was synthesized as a structural analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, with GABA-mimetic effects, able to cross the blood-brain barrier. In veterinary medicine, is extra-label used in combination with other treatments to control seizures when other drugs are no longer effective or become toxic or for neuropathic pain treatment and anxiety.

Morphology of the Cementoenamel Junction in Permanent Teeth of Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.

In human teeth, the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) can have different morphologies, known as Choquet cases or types: in type 1, the cementum overlaps the enamel; in type 2, the enamel overlaps the cementum; in type 3, the relationship between the cementum and enamel is edge-to-edge; and in type 4, there is a gap between the enamel and the cementum, with exposed dentin. Since little is known on the morphology of the CEJ in animals, the aim of this study was to characterize the structure of the CEJ of dog teeth by SEM. We studied 82 permanent teeth extracted from 4 dogs of similar size, aged from 7 months to 2 years.

Life Cycle Assessment of waste disposal from olive oil production: Anaerobic digestion and conventional disposal on soil.

Extra virgin olive-oil (EVO) production is an important economic activity for several countries, especially in the Mediterranean area such as Spain, Italy, Greece and Tunisia. The two major by-products from olive oil production, solid-liquid Olive Pomace (OP) and the Olive Mill Waste Waters (OMWW), are still mainly disposed on soil, in spite of the existence of legislation which already limits this practice. The present study compares the environmental impacts associated with two different scenarios for the management of waste from olive oil production through a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).

Citrus waste as feedstock for bio-based products recovery: Review on limonene case study and energy valorization.

The citrus peels and residue of fruit juices production are rich in d-limonene, a cyclic terpene characterized by antimicrobial activity, which could hamper energy valorization bioprocess. Considering that limonene is used in nutritional, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields, citrus by-products processing appear to be a suitable feedstock either for high value product recovery or energy bio-processes. This waste stream, more than 10MTon at 2013 in European Union (AIJN, 2014), can be considered appealing, from the view point of conducting a key study on limonene recovery, as its content of about 1%w/w of high value-added molecule.

Scanning electron microscopy of pulp cavity dentin in dogs.

Dentin morphology and tubule diameter and density of peripulpal dentin were evaluated in 36 teeth from 12 adult dogs, aged between 2.5 and 13-years. The right maxillary canine and third premolar and right mandibular first molar teeth were extracted from euthanized dogs.

Furcation canals of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar teeth in cats.

The furcation region morphology was evaluated in 103 mature feline carnassial teeth (54 maxillary fourth premolar and 49 mandibular first molar teeth). Patent furcation canals were present in 27.2% of teeth.