D-004 ameliorates phenylephrine-induced urodynamic changes and increased prostate and bladder oxidative stress in rats.

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) mainly depend on alpha1-adrenoreceptors (α1-ADR) stimulation, but a link with oxidative stress (OS) is also involved. D-004, a lipid extract of Roystonea regia fruits, antagonizes ADR-induced responses and produces antioxidant effects. The objective of this study was to investigate whether D-004 produce antioxidant effects in rats with phenylephrine (PHE)-induced urodynamic changes.

D-002 (beeswax alcohols): concurrent joint health benefits and gastroprotection.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs include the traditional drugs and more selective COX-2 inhibitors. Traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use is hampered by their gastrotoxicity, while COX-2-inhibitors increase the cardiovascular risk. The search of safer substances for managing inflammatory conditions is updated, a challenge wherein dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors have a place.

Protective effects of D-002 on experimentally induced gastroesophageal reflux in rats.

Aim: To investigate the effects of beeswax alcohols (D-002) on the esophageal damage induced by gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in rats.

Methods: Sixty male rats were randomized into six groups (10 rats/group): a negative control and five groups with experimentally induced GER: a positive vehicle control, three treated with D-002 (25, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively), and one with omeprazole 10 mg/kg. All treatments were given by gastric gavage.

Protective effect of D-002, a mixture of beeswax alcohols, against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers and mechanism of action.

D-002, a mixture of higher aliphatic beeswax alcohols, produces gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. To investigate the gastroprotective effect of D-002 against indomethacin-induced ulcers, oxidative variables and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the rat gastric mucosa were examined. Rats were randomized into six groups: a negative vehicle control and five indomethacin (50 mg/kg) treated groups, comprising a positive control, three groups treated orally with D-002 (5, 25 and 100 mg/kg) and one group with omeprazole 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip).

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of D-002 (beeswax alcohols).

D-002, a mixture of six higher aliphatic alcohols purified from beeswax, displayed anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan-induced pleurisy and cotton pellet granuloma in rats. The aim of the present study was to confirm the anti-inflammatory properties of D-002 and to explore its potential analgesic effects. Xylene-induced mouse ear oedema was used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect, acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate responses for the analgesic activity, and the open field and horizontal rotarod tests for motor performance.

D-004, a lipid extract from royal palm fruit, exhibits antidepressant effects in the forced swim test and the tail suspension test in mice.

D-004, a lipid extract of Roystonea regia fruits, has been shown to reduce Testosterone, but not dihydrotestosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia in rodents. Inhibition of prostate 5?-reductase seems to explain these effects of D-004. Finasteride, an inhibitor of 5?-reductase used to treat benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), has been shown to produce drug-induced depression and to increase mouse immobility in the forced swim test (FST).

Antioxidant effects of D-004, a lipid extract from the Roystonea regia fruit, on the plasma of healthy men.

The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of D-004, a lipid extract of the Roystonea regia fruit that prevents testosterone- and phenylepinephrine-induced prostate hyperplasia in rodents, on plasma oxidative markers in healthy men. We enrolled male volunteers (20-55 years) in good health and without lower urinary tract symptoms. Thirty-four eligible participants were randomized to placebo or D-004 (320 mg) capsules administered daily for 6 weeks.

Effects of D-003, a mixture of sugarcane wax acids, on platelet aggregation in hypercholesterolemic patients. A dose-titration, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Increased platelet aggregation contributes to vascular risk. D-003, a mixture of high molecular weight sugarcane wax acids, has shown antiplatelet effects in experimental models and healthy volunteers. This randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of titrated doses of D-003 (5-20 mg/d) on platelet aggregation in hypercholesterolemic patients.

Effects of D-003, a mixture of very long chain saturated fatty acids, and policosanol on in vivo lipid peroxidation in rats.

Background: D-003 and policosanol (CAS 557-61-9), specific and distinct mixtures of high molecular weight primary aliphatic acids and alcohols, respectively, have shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation in vivo, but comparative studies between their effects on lipid peroxidation processes had not been conducted before.

Objective: To compare the effects of D-003 and policosanol on markers of lipid peroxidation in vivo in rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were distributed into 9 groups: a control group treated with acacia gum/water vehicle, 4 with policosanol and 4 with D-003, both treatments at 5, 25, 100 and 250 mg/kg.

Ex vivo antioxidant effects of D-004, a lipid extract from Roystonea regia fruits, on rat prostate tissue.

Aim: To investigate whether oral treatment with D-004, a lipid extract of the Cuban royal palm fruit, produces antioxidant effects in the prostate tissue of normal and testosterone (T)-treated rats.

Methods: In our first experiment, normal rats were distributed into five groups: one group treated with the vehicle and four groups treated with D-004 (100, 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg). In our second experiment, rats were randomized into five groups: a negative control group and four T-injected groups.

Effects of D-004, a lipid extract from the royal palm (Roystonea regia) fruits, tamsulosin and their combined use on urodynamic changes induced with phenylephrine in rats.

5-alpha-Reductase inhibitors, alpha1-adrenoreceptors blockers and herbal drugs, like lipid extracts from saw palmetto fruits, are used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). D-004, a lipid extract from the Royal palm fruits, prevented prostate hyperplasia (PH) induced with testosterone and the atypical PH induced with phenylephrine (PHE) in the rat, its effect in this last model being comparable to that of saw palmetto, but lesser than that of tamsulosin (CAS 106133-20-4). It was investigated whether single doses of D-004, tamsulosin and their combined therapy can prevent urodynamic changes induced with PHE in the rat.

Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the benign uncontrolled growth of the prostate gland, leading to difficulty with urination. Saw palmetto lipid extracts (SPLE), used to treat BPH, have been shown to inhibit prostate 5a-reductase, and some major components, such as lauric, myristic and oleic acids also inhibit this enzyme. Coconut oil (CO) is also rich in fatty acids, mainly lauric and myristic acids.

Effects of combination treatment with policosanol and omega-3 fatty acids on platelet aggregation: A randomized, double-blind clinical study.

Background: Policosanol is a mixture of long-chain primary aliphatic alcoholspurified from sugar cane wax that has cholesterol lowering and antiplatelet effects. Omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have triglyceride lowering and antiplatelet effects. Combination treatment with policosanol and omega-3 FA (Ω23FA) has been associated with significant inhibition of platelet aggregation in rabbits compared with either drug alone.

Effect of D-003, a mixture of very-long-chain aliphatic acids purified from sugarcane wax, on cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils.

D-003 is a mixture of very-high-molecular-weight aliphatic acids purified from sugar cane wax (Saccharum officinarum), which inhibits platelet aggregation and lipid peroxidation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of D-003 on cerebral ischemia induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in Mongolian gerbils. Two experimental series were conducted.

Effect of D-003 on intravascular platelet aggregation induced with collagen in rats.

D-003 is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar-cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) wax that inhibits platelet aggregation induced ex vivo by addition of agonists to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of rats, guinea pigs, and healthy human volunteers. Because the ex vivo platelet aggregation model does not mimic properly platelet aggregation occurring inside the arteries, since all blood factors regulating the formation of a platelet aggregate or thrombus are not present in PRP, this work was undertaken in order to investigate the effects of different oral doses of D-003 on platelet aggregation induced by collagen in vivo in rats.

Therapeutic effect of D-002 (abexol) on gastric ulcer induced experimentally in rats.

D-002 is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from beeswax, wherein triacontanol is the most abundant alcohol, with antioxidant and anti-ulcer properties. Since compounds with cytoprotective and antioxidant effects can improve healing of gastroduodenal ulcer induced by noxious agents, this work investigated the healing effect of D- 002 on acute and chronic gastric ulcers induced with indomethacin and acetic acid, respectively, in rats. Acute gastric ulcer was induced with single oral doses of indomethacin (20 mg/kg).

Effects of D-004, a lipid extract from Cuban royal palm fruit, on inhibiting prostatic hypertrophy induced with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in a rat model: A randomized, controlled study.

Background: Benign prostatic hypertrophy is the nonmalignant, uncontrolled growth of prostatic epithelial cells and stroma that, left untreated, may lead to difficult urination and other complications. A common treatment of BPH is lipid extract from saw palmetto fruit, and lipid extract from Cuban Royal palm (a palm of the same family) fruit is being studied for this use. One study found that the latter, D-004, at 100 to 400 mg/kg daily prevented prostatic hypertrophy (PH) induced with testosterone (T) in a rat model.

D-003 and warfarin interaction on the bleeding time and venous thrombosis experimentally induced in rats.

D-003 is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary acids isolated and purified from sugarcane wax, the main component of which is octacosanoic acid. D-003 exhibits a cholesterol-lowering effect as well as antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects in experimental models. Warfarin is a coumarin derivative with anticoagulant activity that acts as a vitamin K antagonist.

Effect of D-003 on isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats.

D-003 is a mixture of high-molecular-weight aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar cane wax with antiplatelet and cholesterol-lowering effects. Cardiac lesions induced by isoproterenol (ISO) are characterized by myocardial necrosis and exudative infiltration. The objective of this study was to determine whether D-003 shows protective effects against ISO-induced myocardial necrosis in rats.

Antioxidant Effect of D-002 on Gastric Mucosa of Rats with Experimentally Induced Injury.

D-002 is a natural mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from beeswax that has antioxidant and antiulcer properties. Because the role of lipid peroxidation in gastric damage is well recognized, this work was designed to investigate the possible effect of D-002 on lipid peroxidation in gastric mucosa in two experimental models of gastric injury in rats: (1) gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin and (2) mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). The results demonstrated a remarkable protective effect of D-002 on lipid peroxidation in gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin and a moderate protective effect of D-002 on gastric erosions and lipid peroxidation induced by I-R.

Pharmacological Interaction Between Policosanol and Nitroprusside in Rats.

Policosanol is a natural mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from sugar cane wax (Saccharum officinarum L.). It has cholesterol-lowering effects demonstrated in experimental models and in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia, with positive pleiotropic properties such as inhibition of platelet aggregation and lipid peroxidation.

Antiplatelet effects of policosanol (20 and 40 mg/day) in healthy volunteers and dyslipidaemic patients.

1. The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of a higher dose of policosanol, a cholesterol-lowering drug, (40 mg/day) with the effects of 20 mg/day policosanol on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolaemic patients. 2.