Intact and Isolated Human Cadaveric Coronary Artery Perfusion Models to Facilitate Research and Education Regarding Coronary Anatomy and Pathology.

Cadaveric tissue-perfusion models are well established in the fields of structural heart and peripheral vascular disease; however, less consideration has been given toward coronary artery disease despite comparable prevalence and morbidity. Two tissue-perfusion models were developed to address this need. The first, an intact heart model, allows simulation of percutaneous coronary interventional procedures.

Retinal Blood Flow Response to Hyperoxia Measured With En Face Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To use multiplane en face Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure the change in total retinal blood flow (TRBF) in response to hyperoxia.

Methods: One eye of each healthy human participant (n = 8) was scanned with a commercial high-speed (70-kHz) spectral OCT system. Three repeated scans were captured at baseline and after 10 minutes of oxygen (hyperoxia) by open nasal mask.

Caring for a patient with unexpected pheochromocytoma complicated by medical fraud.

We report a case of a patient who used multiple aliases as part of a medical fraud scheme. As a consequence, the surgical team was unaware of a left-sided adrenal mass that had been documented for this patient under another name. In the operating room, severe hypertension from the undiagnosed pheochromocytoma led to a ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest.

Target-to-background enhancement in multispectral endoscopy with background autofluorescence mitigation for quantitative molecular imaging.

Fluorescence molecular imaging with exogenous probes improves specificity for the detection of diseased tissues by targeting unambiguous molecular signatures. Additionally, increased diagnostic sensitivity is expected with the application of multiple molecular probes. We developed a real-time multispectral fluorescence-reflectance scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) for wide-field molecular imaging of fluorescent dye-labeled molecular probes at nanomolar detection levels.

Mapping surgical fields by moving a laser-scanning multimodal scope attached to a robot arm.

Endoscopic visualization in brain tumor removal is challenging because tumor tissue is often visually indistinguishable from healthy tissue. Fluorescence imaging can improve tumor delineation, though this impairs reflectance-based visualization of gross anatomical features. To accurately navigate and resect tumors, we created an ultrathin/flexible, scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) that acquires reflectance and fluorescence wide-field images at high-resolution.

Mitigating fluorescence spectral overlap in wide-field endoscopic imaging.

The number of molecular species suitable for multispectral fluorescence imaging is limited due to the overlap of the emission spectra of indicator fluorophores, e.g., dyes and nanoparticles.

Color-matched and fluorescence-labeled esophagus phantom and its applications.

We developed a stable, reproducible three-dimensional optical phantom for the evaluation of a wide-field endoscopic molecular imaging system. This phantom mimicked a human esophagus structure with flexibility to demonstrate body movements. At the same time, realistic visual appearance and diffuse spectral reflectance properties of the tissue were simulated by a color matching methodology.

A review of perioperative statin therapy for noncardiac surgery.

The leading cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality after major noncardiac surgery is cardiovascular complications. Clinical trials of lipid-lowering 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) have shown improved cardiovascular outcomes; therefore, statins have become a mainstay in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Retrospective trials and a small number of prospective randomized trials indicate that statin use may be beneficial during the perioperative period.

Changes of extremity and laryngeal muscle electromyographic amplitudes after intravenous administration of vecuronium.

Objectives: To compare electromyographic (EMG) amplitude changes in extremity and laryngeal muscles after vecuronium administration and study the effects of topical lidocaine on laryngeal EMG in a swine model.

Study Design: Prospective animal study.

Methods: Electrically evoked EMG activities were recorded from the vocalis muscles (directly and via an EMG endotracheal tube) and from the flexor digitorum muscles before and after intravenous vecuronium administration.