Efficacy of novel robotic camera vs a standard laparoscopic camera.

To improve visualization during minimal access surgery, a novel robotic camera has been developed. The prototype camera is totally insertable, has 5 degrees of freedom, and is remotely controlled. This study compared the performance of laparoscopic surgeons using both a laparoscope and the robotic camera.

Gender affects macrophage cytokine and prostaglandin E2 production and PGE2 receptor expression after trauma.

Background: Gender influences morbidity and mortality after injury. Hormonal differences are important; however, the role of prostaglandins as mediators in immune dysfunction relating to gender differences after trauma is unclear. We hypothesized that gender-dependent differences in PGE(2) receptor expression and signaling may be involved in immune-related differences.