Effects of preterm birth and gender on temperament and behavior in children.

The aim of the present study was to assess the direct and interactive effects of premature birth and gender on temperament and behavioral problems in 80 children aged 18-36 months. The sample was composed of children born preterm (PT; n=44) and children born full-term (FT; n=36). The children's mothers completed temperament (ECBQ) and behavioral problem (CBCL 1.

Temperament and behavior problems in toddlers born preterm and very low birth weight.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the temperament and behavior problems of 32 toddlers born preterm and very low birth weight and 25 toddlers born full-term without medical problems. Mothers completed the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist-1.5-5 for assessing toddler`s temperament and behavior problems, respectively.

Pain and distress reactivity and recovery as early predictors of temperament in toddlers born preterm.

Background: Pain reactivity may reflect underlying mechanisms of constitutional aspects of temperament.

Aim: To examine whether the neonatal biobehavioral reactivity and recovery responses from pain and distress, as well as the gestational age, the illness severity and the amount of painful procedures undergone the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay, predict temperament later in toddlerhood, in vulnerable children born preterm.

Study Design: Prospective-longitudinal study.