Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Hypereosinophilic Syndromes and Mast Cell Disorders: a Comprehensive Review.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome and mastocytosis are relatively rare proliferative diseases encountered in the general population. However, allergists frequently consider these disorders in the differential of patients presenting with gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cutaneous, and allergic symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms are some of the most frequent and/or debilitating aspects of both disease states and in many cases lead to poor quality of life and functional limitation for the patient.

Hidden Causes of Anaphylaxis.

Purpose Of Review: This study aimed to review important hidden causes of anaphylaxis in ingestants, non-ingestants, and uncommon settings.

Recent Findings: Multiple new and elusive causes of anaphylaxis have been described over the past 35 years. Further research is required to identify the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical impact of these hidden causes.

Adolescent Male Human Papillomavirus Vaccination.

Objective. To determine male vaccination rates with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) before and after the October 2011 national recommendation to routinely immunize adolescent males. Methods.