From humanitarian crisis to employment crisis: The lives and livelihoods of South Sudanese refugee health workers in Uganda.

Despite the many benefits of refugee health workers for health systems, they commonly face challenges integrating into host country workforces. The Global Code of Practice on International Recruitment of Health Personnel, which should monitor and protect migrant health workers, offers little guidance for refugees and research is needed to inform strategy. Based on interviews with 34 refugee health workers and 10 leaders across two settlements supporting populations fleeing the humanitarian crisis in South Sudan since 2013, we describe the governance and social dynamics affecting South Sudanese refugee health worker employment in Uganda.

Superior oblique tuck-effectiveness in reducing vertical deviations when performed as a primary versus secondary procedure in superior oblique paresis.

Purpose: To quantify the effectiveness of superior oblique tuck (SOT) surgery in patients with a hyperdeviation secondary to superior oblique paresis (SOP). Surgical outcomes were compared in patients undergoing SOT surgery as a primary procedure with those who had previously undergone ipsilateral inferior oblique weakening surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study assessed surgical outcomes from all patients undergoing SOT surgery for SOP between 2012 and 2021 across 2 hospitals.

Forecasting carbon futures price: a hybrid method incorporating fuzzy entropy and extreme learning machine.

In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid model that extends prior work involving ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) by using fuzzy entropy and extreme learning machine (ELM) methods. We demonstrate this 3-stage model by applying it to forecast carbon futures prices which are characterized by chaos and complexity. First, we employ the EEMD method to decompose carbon futures prices into a couple of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and one residue.

Xanthelasma palpebrarum after hyaluronic acid injection in the lower eyelid: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Hyaluronic acid filler treatments are a very popular nonsurgical procedure worldwide, most wanted to create a more attractive profile and correct facial aging. Since its usage has expanded, more complications have been seen.

Aims: To report a probably new adverse effect related to injectable fillers.

Protective stabilization in pediatric dentistry: A qualitative study on the perceptions of mothers, psychologists, and pediatric dentists.

Background: Evidence regarding the feelings evoked, distress caused, and the best way to conduct protective stabilization for the management of young children is lacking.

Aim: Describe the perceptions of mothers, psychologists, and pediatric dentists regarding the use of protective stabilization during the dental care of children up to three years of age attending a University Dental Clinic in southern Brazil.

Design: After watching a video of dental care involving the protective stabilization technique, individualized qualitative interviews were held with three groups [mothers (n = 5), psychologists (n = 7), and pediatric dentists (n = 4)] to investigate four categories of interest: importance of the technique, affective attitude, distress caused to the child, and participation of parents.

Predictive Potential of PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC Expressions in Treatment Outcome of Colorectal Carcinoma.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a malignancy of epithelial origin in the large bowel. The elucidation of the biological functions of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) biomarkers including their roles in the pathophysiology of CRC - has led to their applications in diagnostic and chemo-pharmaceutics. We investigated whether PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC protein expression in CRC tumors are predictive biomarkers of treatment outcome for CRC patients.

Congenital fibrosis of the extra-ocular muscles (CFEOM) and the cranial dysinnervation disorders.

Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) is one of the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs). This review discusses the characteristics of the CFEOM phenotypes and the CCDDs, the fibrosis associated with these disorders and the processes, and genes involved in the embryological development of cranial neuromuscular units. In particular, it focuses on the genetics of neural crest identity, axon guidance, and axon construction in relation to the CFEOMs and some consideration of treatment strategies.

Stepping into the virtual unknown: feasibility study of a virtual reality-based test of ocular misalignment.

IntroductionDissociated tests of strabismus provide valuable information for diagnosis and monitoring of ocular misalignment in patients with normal retinal correspondence. However, they are vulnerable to operator error and rely on a fixed head position. Virtual reality headsets obviate the need for head fixation, while providing other clear theoretical advantages, including complete control over the illumination and targets presented for the patient's interaction.

Mass spectrometry for the characterization of brewing process.

Beer is a carbonated alcoholic beverage produced by fermenting ingredients containing starch, especially malted cereals, and other compounds such as water, hops and yeast. The process comprises five main steps: malting, mashing, boiling, fermentation and maturation. There has been growing interest in the subject, since there is increasing demand for beer quality aspects and beer is a ubiquitous alcoholic beverage in the world.

Triptans and third nerve paresis: a case series of three patients.

PurposeThe aim of this report is to increase awareness of a possible association between cranial nerve paresis and the use of sumatriptan in migraine sufferers, particularly in patients who have additional vascular risk factors.Patients and methodsWe describe a series of three cases where third nerve paresis developed in patients who were treated with the oral form of sumatriptan. All of the patients had a clear history of repetitive migraine headache and none of them had previous third nerve paresis.

The Cambridge Face Tracker: Accurate, Low Cost Measurement of Head Posture Using Computer Vision and Face Recognition Software.

Purpose: We validate a video-based method of head posture measurement.

Methods: The Cambridge Face Tracker uses neural networks (constrained local neural fields) to recognize facial features in video. The relative position of these facial features is used to calculate head posture.

Injuries, Matches Missed and the Influence of Minimum Medical Standards in the A-League Professional Football: A 5-Year Prospective Study.

Background: Epidemiological data on the occurrence of time-loss injuries over several A-League seasons remains lacking, while the effect of the mandatory implementation of 'Minimum Medical Standards' as a part of the collective bargaining agreement (CBA) needs to be explored.

Objectives: To explore the 5 year evolution of hamstring, groin, knee, ankle and total time-loss injuries among professional footballers in the A-League; to evaluate the consequences of these time-loss injuries in terms of total matches missed and costs incurred; and to explore whether the mandatory implementation of 'Minimum Medical Standards' in the A-League had led to a decrease in the occurrence of total time-loss injuries and total matches missed.

Patients And Methods: An observational prospective study has been carried out since 2008.

Randomised controlled trial of video clips and interactive games to improve vision in children with amblyopia using the I-BiT system.

Background: Traditional treatment of amblyopia involves either wearing a patch or atropine penalisation of the better eye. A new treatment is being developed on the basis of virtual reality technology allowing either DVD footage or computer games which present a common background to both eyes and the foreground, containing the imagery of interest, only to the amblyopic eye.

Methods: A randomised control trial was performed on patients with amblyopia aged 4-8 years with three arms.

Surgical management of superior oblique paresis using inferior oblique anterior transposition.

Background: Inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) is an effective surgical procedure for weakening the inferior oblique muscle. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and complications of IOAT for superior oblique paresis at a single center over a period of 11 years.

Methods: The medical records of consecutive patients treated for congenital and acquired fourth nerve paresis with IOAT procedures at Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, from 2001 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.

Evaluation and development of a novel binocular treatment (I-BiT™) system using video clips and interactive games to improve vision in children with amblyopia ('lazy eye'): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Amblyopia (lazy eye) affects the vision of approximately 2% of all children. Traditional treatment consists of wearing a patch over their 'good' eye for a number of hours daily, over several months. This treatment is unpopular and compliance is often low.

Modern approach to managing vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), an allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva affecting mainly children and adolescents, is categorized under the rubric of allergic conjunctivitis. Lack of uniform diagnostic and predefined staging criteria has been a bottleneck in formulating fixed guidelines to treat VKC. This lack of consensus among clinicians/researchers regarding diagnostic and grading standards has prevented us from making comparisons between the outcomes of different studies.

Brimonidine and apraclonidine as vasoconstrictors in adjustable strabismus surgery.

Introduction: Conjunctival and episcleral bleeding can interfere with visualization of anatomic structures during strabismus surgery. In the United Kingdom, dilute adrenaline (epinephrine) is routinely used to induce vasoconstriction at the beginning of strabismus surgery. Because it causes mydriasis and mildly inhibits accommodation, it is relatively contraindicated if early postoperative suture adjustment is planned.

Vision screening in children by Plusoptix Vision Screener compared with gold-standard orthoptic assessment.

Background/aims: To evaluate a new autorefractor, the Plusoptix Vision Screener (PVS), as a screening tool to detect risk factors for amblyopia by comparing it with gold-standard orthoptic vision screening in children.

Methods: Community-based screening study including 288 children age 4-7 years who were screened with the PVS and by orthoptic assessment (distance acuity, cover test, extraocular movements, 20 PD prism test, Lang stereotest). Follow-up comprehensive eye examination of screening-positive children included manual cycloplegic retinoscopy.

Plusoptix Vision Screener: the accuracy and repeatability of refractive measurements using a new autorefractor.

Background: The Plusoptix Vision Screener (PVS) is a new non-cycloplegic videoretinoscopy autorefractor. Refractive accuracy may affect its performance as a screening tool.

Aims: Study 1: To determine the intra- and interobserver variability of PVS measurements.

Mitomycin and amniotic membrane: a new method of reducing adhesions and fibrosis in strabismus surgery.

The effectiveness of complex strabismus surgery is often limited by the development of fibrosis postoperatively. The use of mitomycin C to reduce fibrosis in strabismus surgery has been reported, but the use of amniotic membrane has not. We describe a technique which uses both mitomycin C and amniotic membrane patches to reduce fibrosis.

Chronic anterior uveitis following bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination: molecular mimicry in action?

A 13-year-old girl developed bilateral chronic anterior uveitis following bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. HLA testing was negative for B27 but positive for DRB1 *0404, a variant of DR4 often associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The authors propose her HLA repertoire allowed for a BCG-induced abnormal autoimmune response by the mechanism of molecular mimicry.