The detection of pathological parathyroid glands is facilitated by identifying vascular features on ultrasound: the potential benefit of a low-frequency vascular probe.

Purpose: To evaluate the potential benefit of adding a low frequency vascular probe to the conventional pre-operative ultrasound examination of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Methods: A prospective cohort of 136 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent a conventional ultrasound examination of the neck with a high frequency ( > 10 MHz) linear ultrasound probe, followed by an add-on examination with a low frequency vascular probe. For each ultrasound probe, and for every potential parathyroid lesion, the presence of a feeding vessel, a polar placement of the feeding vessel, and the presence of a vascular arch was recorded.

Evaluation of Surgeon-Performed Ultrasonography With or Without Contrast Enhancement vs Scintigraphy in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Importance: Scintigraphy and ultrasonography are common imaging modalities for the preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. When comparing the 2 modalities, the benefits of ultrasonography in terms of convenience, patient comfort, duration, cost, and lack of radiation should be taken into account.

Objective: To investigate whether surgeon-performed ultrasonography, with or without contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), is noninferior to scintigraphy for localizing pathological parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Preoperative BRAF mutation detection in thyroid carcinoma by immunocytochemistry.

The BRAF (BRAF) mutation is present in 40-50% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and has been associated with more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics of PTC. The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods for preoperative identification of the BRAF mutation in PTC using cytological and histological specimens. Prospectively collected preoperative cytological clots from patients with suspected PTC were tested with BRAF immunocytochemistry (ICC) and the Cobas Test (PCR).

External validation of AIBx, an artificial intelligence model for risk stratification, in thyroid nodules.

Background: Artificial intelligence algorithms could be used to risk-stratify thyroid nodules and may reduce the subjectivity of ultrasonography. One such algorithm is AIBx which has shown good performance. However, external validation is crucial prior to clinical implementation.

Risk-stratification of thyroid nodules examined by FDG-PET/CT while ensuring congruity between imaging and histopathological localization.

Purpose: The risk of malignancy (ROM) in FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas varies between studies, which may be contributed by discordance between the anatomical localization depicted on FDG-PET/CT and by histopathological examination. The purpose was to ensure anatomical congruity between the index tumour identified by FDG-PET/CT and the histopathological examination, in order to assess the risk of malignancy (ROM) in PET-positive and PET-negative thyroid nodules. Further, preoperative characteristics indicative of thyroid malignancy were identified.

Characterization and radiosensitivity of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenografts.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are rising rapidly in incidence due to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and/or tobacco smoking. Prognosis is better for patients with HPV-positive disease, but may also be influenced by tobacco smoking and other factors. There is a need to individualize treatment to minimize morbidity and improve prognosis.

Reappraisal of shear wave elastography as a diagnostic tool for identifying thyroid carcinoma.

Thyroid nodular disease is common, but predicting the risk of malignancy can be difficult. In this prospective study, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography (SWE) in predicting thyroid malignancy. Patients with thyroid nodules were enrolled from a surgical tertiary unit.

Pediatric malignancies presenting in the head and neck.

Objectives: Childhood cancer is rare and often difficult to diagnose. In the head and neck region, benign diseases are much more common. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of childhood cancer cases with a primary head and neck presentation, to describe symptoms, physical findings, diagnostic interval and tentative diagnoses.

Is serum TSH a biomarker of thyroid carcinoma in patients residing in a mildly iodine-deficient area?

Purpose: To investigate the association between the pre-operative serum TSH (s-TSH) level and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in a mildly iodine-deficient area.

Methods: Patients undergoing surgery for thyroid nodular disease (TND) were included from three tertiary surgical departments. Data were collected from a national thyroid surgery database (THYKIR) and from patient charts.

Is the reproducibility of shear wave elastography of thyroid nodules high enough for clinical use? A methodological study.

Objective: To systematically assess the reproducibility of thyroid ultrasonographic shear wave elastography (SWE).

Context: SWE has been suggested as a potential tool for thyroid nodule evaluation, but assessment of its reproducibility has been insufficiently addressed.

Design: SWE examinations were performed prospectively by two investigators.

Post-operative parathyroid hormone can be used as a predictor of normocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy.

Introduction: Development of hypocalcaemia is a serious complication to total thyroidectomy (TT). The measurement of intact plasma parathyroid hormone (iPTH) has been internationally described as a good predictor of hypocalcaemia. Despite this, consensus in the field has yet to be reached among clinicians.

Response evaluation of the neck in oropharyngeal cancer: Value of magnetic resonance imaging and influence of p16 in selecting patients for post-radiotherapy neck dissection.

Background: Residual neck disease after radiotherapy in advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with increased mortality, and some patients may benefit from post-radiotherapy neck dissection (PRND). The aim of the present study was to assess the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other clinical characteristics in selecting patients for PRND.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective cohort study.

Substantial interobserver variation of thyroid volume and function by visual evaluation of thyroid (99m)Tc scintigraphy.

Introduction: (99m)Tc-pertechnetate scintigraphy is much used in the evaluation of patients with nodular goitre. We investigated the ability of experienced observers to estimate the thyroid 24-h (131)I uptake (RAIU) and the thyroid volume by visual evaluation of the scintigram.

Material And Methods: Two endocrinologists and two nuclear medicine specialists visually evaluated thyroid scintigrams from 171 patients with nodular goitre.

Prestimulation with recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) improves the long-term outcome of radioiodine therapy for multinodular nontoxic goiter.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH)-augmented radioiodine ((131)I) therapy for benign multinodular nontoxic goiter.

Patients And Methods: Between 2002 and 2005, 86 patients with a multinodular nontoxic goiter were treated with (131)I in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. (131)I-therapy was preceded by 0.

[Sublingual haematoma as a result of dysregulated peroral anticoagulant therapy].

We describe a case of spontaneous sublingual haematoma secondary to warfarin toxicity, leading to impending airway obstruction. The case was handled with the administration of vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma, and without invasive airway handling. Furthermore, we discuss the presentation of the condition and the signs of impending airway obstruction.

Recombinant human thyrotropin-stimulated radioiodine therapy of nodular goiter allows major reduction of the radiation burden with retained efficacy.

Context And Objective: Stimulation with recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) before radioiodine (131I) therapy augments goiter volume reduction (GVR). Observations indicate that rhTSH has a preconditioning effect beyond increasing thyroid (131)I uptake. We test the hypothesis that an equivalent GVR might be obtained by an absorbed thyroid dose well below what has been used previously.

[Surgical treatment of tracheal stenosis].

Introduction: Surgical treatment of tracheal stenoses (TS) using tracheal resection (TR) is a treatment modality that should be considered in every case. We report the results from TR in a consecutive series of 17 patients in Western Denmark during the past five years.

Material And Methods: A total of 32 patients with TS were retrospectively evaluated, of whom 17 underwent TR with end-to-end anastomoses.

[Tardive endolaryngeal oedema from blunt laryngeal trauma].

Introduction: Mild to moderate blunt laryngeal injuries are frequent. Under the present management regimens patients are hospitalized for 24h observation due to the potential risk of developing endolaryngeal oedema. This group of patients is poorly described in the literature, and the aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of acute and especially tardive endolaryngeal oedema as well as the association between type of injury, symptoms and findings to improve existing evaluation criteria and treatment regimens.

Dose-dependent acute effects of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) on thyroid size and function: comparison of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.9 mg of rhTSH.

Context: Recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) is used to augment the effect of radioiodine therapy for nontoxic multinodular goitre. Reports of acute thyroid swelling and hyperthyroidism warrant safety studies evaluating whether these side-effects are dose dependent.

Objective: To determine the effects on thyroid size and function of various doses of rhTSH.

Optimizing 131I uptake after rhTSH stimulation in patients with nontoxic multinodular goiter: evidence from a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

Unlabelled: Prestimulation with recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) augments radioiodine (131)I therapy for benign nontoxic multinodular goiter. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time interval between rhTSH and (131)I administration to enhance thyroid radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU).

Methods: Patients were randomized, in a 2-factorial design, to receive either a 0.

Time to reconsider nonsurgical therapy of benign non-toxic multinodular goitre: focus on recombinant human TSH augmented radioiodine therapy.

The treatment of benign multinodular goitre (MNG) is controversial, but surgery is recommended in large compressive goitres. While some patients decline surgery others may have contraindications due to comorbidity, since MNG is prevalent in the elderly. Therefore, non-surgical treatment alternatives are needed.

Recombinant human thyrotropin-stimulated radioiodine therapy of large nodular goiters facilitates tracheal decompression and improves inspiration.

Introduction: The impact on tracheal anatomy and respiratory function of recombinant human (rh)TSH-stimulated (131)I therapy in patients with goiter is not clarified.

Methods: In a double-blinded design, patients (age 37-87 yr) with a large multinodular goiter (range, 99-440 ml) were randomized to placebo (n = 15) or 0.3 mg rhTSH (n = 14) 24 h before (131)I therapy.

Improvement of goiter volume reduction after 0.3 mg recombinant human thyrotropin-stimulated radioiodine therapy in patients with a very large goiter: a double-blinded, randomized trial.

Introduction: The effect of (131)I therapy amplification by recombinant human (rh) TSH prestimulation in very large goiters has not been evaluated in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

Methods: Twenty-nine patients (22 females; age range 37-87 yr) with a large multinodular goiter (median 160 ml, range 99-440 ml) were randomized to receive placebo (n = 15) or 0.3 mg rhTSH (n = 14) 24 h before (131)I administration.

[Stimulation with 0,3 mg recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) increases the effect of 131I therapy in patients with nontoxic nodular goiter. A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial--secondary publication].

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 57 patients with nontoxic nodular goiter were stimulated with either 0.3 mg recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) or placebo before radioactive iodine 131I therapy. After one year the goiter reduction had improved by 35% compared to conventional 131I therapy.