Focal therapy for localized prostate cancer - Current status.

Focal therapy (FT) has recently gained popularity for the treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa). FT achieves cancer control by targeting the lesions or the regions of the cancer and avoids damage to the surrounding tissues thus minimizing side effects which are common to the radical treatment, such as urinary continence and sexual function, and bowel-related side effects. Various ablative methods are used to deliver energy to the cancerous tissue.

Surgery for Bladder and Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer.

The cornerstone for diagnosis and treatment of bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma involves surgery. Transurethral resection of bladder tumors forms the basis of further management. Radical cystectomy for invasive bladder carcinoma provides good oncologic outcomes.

Health Related Quality of Life of Patients with Bladder Cancer in the RAZOR Trial: A Multi-Institutional Randomized Trial Comparing Robot versus Open Radical Cystectomy.

Purpose: We evaluated health related quality of life following robotic and open radical cystectomy as a treatment for bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: Using the Randomized Open versus Robotic Cystectomy (RAZOR) trial population we assessed health related quality of life by using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)-Vanderbilt Cystectomy Index and the Short Form 8 Health Survey (SF-8) at baseline, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The primary objective was to assess the impact of surgical approach on health related quality of life.

Prospective Evaluation of Focal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Localized Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: We report short-term outcomes of focal high intensity focused ultrasound use for primary treatment of localized prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: Single-center prospectively collected data on patients with prostate cancer who underwent primary focal high intensity focused ultrasound from January 2016 to July 2018 were included. All patients underwent a 12-core biopsy with magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion biopsy depending on the presence of targetable lesions.

Corrigendum to "Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Level IV Thrombus: Contemporary Management with Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/7102504.].

Predictors of Recurrence, and Progression-Free and Overall Survival following Open versus Robotic Radical Cystectomy: Analysis from the RAZOR Trial with a 3-Year Followup.

Purpose: The RAZOR (Randomized Open versus Robotic Cystectomy) trial revealed noninferior 2-year progression-free survival for robotic radical cystectomy. This update was performed with extended followup for 3 years to determine potential differences between the approaches. We also report 3-year overall survival and sought to identify factors predicting recurrence, and progression-free and overall survival.

Validation of dominant and secondary sequence utilization in PI-RADS v2 for classifying prostatic lesions.

Introduction: To assess the secondary sequence rule in The Prostate Imaging Reporting Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 by comparing the detection of Grade group 1+ (GG1+) and 2+ (GG2+) cancers in PI-RADS 3, an upgraded PI-RADS 4, and true (non-upgraded) PI-RADS 4 targets.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed a total of 589 lesions scored as PI-RADS 3 or 4 obtained from 434 men who underwent mpMRI-US fusion biopsy from September 2015 to November 2017 for evaluation of GG1+ and GG2+ prostate cancer. PI-RADS 4 lesions were differentiated into those that were 'upgraded' to PI-RADS 4 based on the secondary sequence and those that were 'true' PI-RADS 4 based on the dominant sequence.

Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Level IV Thrombus: Contemporary Management with Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy.

Renal cell carcinoma, particularly the most common clear cell type, is one of the most aggressive of urological cancers with significant risk of metastatic spread. It also has a propensity for venotropism with a proportion of tumors developing thrombi up to the right atrium. The response with newly adopted targeted therapy has been considered to be in the evolutionary stage with no clear role with respect to debulking or reducing the size of the inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus.

Perioperative outcomes and complication predictors associated with open and minimally invasive nephroureterectomy.

Introduction: Minimally invasive nephroureterectomy (MINU) and open nephroureterectomy (ONU) have similar oncological outcomes for treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). We investigated perioperative outcomes and predictors of complications associated with MINU and ONU.

Material And Methods: Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database, 912 patients were identified that underwent radical nephroureterectomy for UTUC between 2005 and 2013.

Disparities in Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic Black men with low-risk prostate cancer and eligible for active surveillance: a population-based study.

Background: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) men are at an increased risk for aggressive prostate cancer (PCa), making active surveillance (AS) potentially less optimal in this population. This concern has not been explored in other minority populations-specifically, Hispanic/Latino men. We recently found that Mexican-American men demonstrate an increased risk of PCa-specific mortality, and we hypothesized that they may also be at risk for an adverse outcome on AS.

Robot-assisted radical cystectomy versus open radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer (RAZOR): an open-label, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Radical cystectomy is the surgical standard for invasive bladder cancer. Robot-assisted cystectomy has been proposed to provide similar oncological outcomes with lower morbidity. We aimed to compare progression-free survival in patients with bladder cancer treated with open cystectomy and robot-assisted cystectomy.

Imaging for the selection and monitoring of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer.

Traditional prostate imaging is fairly limited, and only a few imaging modalities have been used for this purpose. Until today, grey scale ultrasound was the most widely used method for the characterization of the prostatic gland, however its limitations for prostate cancer (PCa) detection are well known and hence ultrasound is primarily used to localize the prostate and facilitate template prostate biopsies. In the past decade, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate has emerged as a promising tool for the detection of PCa.

Using microscope for onco-testicular sperm extraction for bilateral testis tumors.

Objective: To demonstrate a step-by-step approach to the use of the operating microscope for onco-testicular sperm extraction.

Design: Video presentation.

Setting: University hospital.

Trends in Utilization of Robotic and Open Partial Nephrectomy for Management of cT1 Renal Masses.

Background: Partial nephrectomy is widely used for surgical management of small renal masses. Use of robotic (RPN) versus open partial nephrectomy (OPN) among various populations is not well characterized.

Objective: To analyze trends in utilization of RPN and disparities that may be associated with this procedure for management of cT1 renal masses in the USA.

Propensity matched comparative analysis of survival following chemoradiation or radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: To compare survival outcome between chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with MIBC (≥cT2, N0, M0) in the National Cancer Database (2004-2013). CRT was defined as a radiation dose of ≥40 Gy and chemotherapy within 90 days of radiation.

A comparison of overall survival and perioperative outcomes between partial and radical nephrectomy for cT1b and cT2 renal cell carcinoma-Analysis of a national cancer registry.

Objectives: Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the standard management of cT1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and there is a basis for expanding its indications to larger tumors (cT1b and cT2). We analyzed a large population-based cancer registry to compare the overall survival (OS) and perioperative outcomes in patients with cT1b and cT2 RCC undergoing PN with those undergoing radical nephrectomy (RN).

Materials And Methods: Patients with cT1bN0M0 and cT2N0M0 RCC were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004-2013).

Comparison of readmission and short-term mortality rates between different types of urinary diversion in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

Purpose: To analyze the impact of urinary diversion type following radical cystectomy (RC) on readmission and short-term mortality rates.

Methods: Patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer in the National Cancer Data Base were grouped based on the type of urinary diversion performed: non-continent [ileal conduit (IC)] or two continent techniques [continent pouch (CP) and orthotopic neobladder (NB)]. We used propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression models to compare 30-day readmission and 30- and 90-day mortality between the different types of urinary diversion.

Reclassification Rates of Patients Eligible for Active Surveillance After the Addition of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy: An Analysis of 7 Widely Used Eligibility Criteria.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of adding magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound (MRI-US) fusion biopsy cores to standard 12-core biopsy in selecting men for active surveillance (AS).

Materials And Methods: Among men undergoing a fusion biopsy for evaluation of prostate cancer, we selected men who were eligible for at least 1 of 7 different AS criteria based on the standard biopsy alone. We assessed each patient's eligibility for each AS criterion with and without the inclusion of fusion biopsy cores.

Current Status of Nephron-Sparing Surgery (NSS) in the Management of Renal Tumours.

Nephron-sparing surgery has emerged as the surgical treatment of choice for small renal masses over the past two decades, replacing the traditional teaching of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. With time, there has been an evolution in the techniques and indications for partial nephrectomy. This review summarizes the current status of nephron-sparing surgery for renal carcinoma and also deals with the future of this procedure.

Perioperative complications and postoperative outcomes of partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: Does indication matter?

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine whether perioperative complications and postoperative outcomes varied with the indication of partial nephrectomy (PN).

Materials And Methods: We reviewed data of 184 consecutive PN for suspected renal cell carcinoma operated between January 2004 and December 2013. Complications using the Clavien-Dindo classification were compared between surgeries for absolute indications (chronic renal failure, bilateral tumors, or solitary kidney), those for relative indications (comorbid illnesses with the potential to affect renal function) and elective indications (patients without risk factors).