Effects of Early and Late Cranioplasty on Neurocognitive Outcome and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism using PET Scan - A Comparative Study.

Background: Brain protection and cosmetic aspects are the major indications of cranioplasty (CP) after decompressive craniectomy. CP can avoid the recurrence of brain damage, achieve the plastic effect, protect the patient from seizures, and relieve the syndrome of trephine.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective, observational study done over a period of 2 years from April 2017 to April 2019 in the Department of Neurosurgery at Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati.

The bubbly life and death of animal and plant milk foams.

Milk foams are fragile objects, readily prepared for frothy cappuccinos and lattes using bovine milk. However, evolving consumer preferences driven by health, climate change, veganism, and sustainability have created a substantial demand for creating frothy beverages using plant-based milk alternatives or plant milks. In this contribution, we characterize maximum foam volume and half-lifetime as metrics for foamability and foam stability and drainage kinetics of two animal milks (cow and goat) and compared them to those of the six most popular, commercially available plant milks: almond, oat, soy, pea, coconut, and rice.

Comparative assessment of for genotypic variability in phytoremediation of soil exposed to lead (Pb) contamination.

The soil pollution caused with accretion of pollutant elements like lead (Pb) is the major environmental concern nowadays. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using cultivars that act as hyperaccumulator plants for Pb emerges as an important technique for decontamination of Pb spiked soils. Therefore, pot study was carried out to compare the efficiency of three and select the most efficient cultivar for phytoremediation of Pb spiked soils.

Effects of an 8-week intervention of anulom vilom pranayama combined with heartfulness meditation on psychological stress, autonomic function, inflammatory biomarkers, and oxidative stress in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Health care workers were exposed to huge stress during COVID-19 pandemic affecting their physical and mental health. Practice of anulom vilom pranayama and heartfulness meditation (AVPHFN) can improve mental and physical health and counter stress. The present study explored the effect of 8-week AVPHFN intervention on autonomic functions, emotional stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers in the nurse group of health-care givers.

Assessment of amino acid charge states based on cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations of respiratory complex I.

The charge states of titratable amino acid residues play a key role in the function of membrane-bound bioenergetic proteins. However, determination of these charge states both through experimental and computational approaches is extremely challenging. Cryo-EM density maps can provide insights on the charge states of titratable amino acid residues.

Isolated tuberculosis of the patella mimicking as prepatellar bursitis.

Patellar tuberculosis (TB) is a rare manifestation of musculoskeletal tuberculosis, accounting for a small proportion of cases. This case report presents a detailed analysis of a female patient in her early 30s who presented with isolated TB of the patella without concurrent pulmonary involvement. The patient received antitubercular chemotherapy, consisting of a 4-month intensive phase followed by an 8-month continuation phase.

Radioactive elements in wastewater and potable water: Sources, effects, and methods of analysis and removal.

Radioactive effluents, originating from nuclear power plants, medical-nuclear applications, and various extraction industries worldwide, present a significant and dangerous contamination challenge. The concentrations of radioactive substances in wastewater, surface water, and potable water vary widely depending on the source and location. For example, cesium-137 levels in wastewater from nuclear facilities can range from 0.

Review on design of real-time posture monitoring system for the cervical region.

In cervical health, the Posture Monitoring System (PMS) employs sensors to capture and transmit posture data to the cloud via Wi-Fi. This systematic review examines wearable PMS devices for cervical posture, analysing their attributes, findings, and limitations. Using systematic literature analysis, related studies were collected from diverse databases concentrating on wearable cervical posture devices.

Innovative strategies for managing hallucinations by exploring effects of tDCS on source monitoring abilities.

This randomised, crossover, sham-controlled study explored the neural basis of source-monitoring, a crucial cognitive process implicated in schizophrenia. Left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were the key focus areas. Thirty participants without neurological or psychological disorders underwent offline sham and active tDCS sessions with specific electrode montage targeting the left STG and DLPFC.

Effects of Wearing Personal Protective Equipment on Serum Cortisol Levels and Physiological Variables in Healthcare Workers: A Randomised Controlled Trial in a Simulated Pandemic Environment.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the widespread use of personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly in high-risk environments. Full-body PPE is favoured for its comprehensive protection against the virus but poses challenges to the body's thermoregulatory system as it inhibits air exchange. This randomised trial was undertaken to investigate the effects of wearing a commonly used gown-type full-body PPE kit in a simulated environment.

Surviving the stress: Understanding the molecular basis of plant adaptations and uncovering the role of mycorrhizal association in plant abiotic stresses.

Environmental stresses severely impair plant growth, resulting in significant crop yield and quality loss. Among various abiotic factors, salt and drought stresses are one of the major factors that affect the nutrients and water uptake by the plants, hence ultimately various physiological aspects of the plants that compromises crop yield. Continuous efforts have been made to investigate, dissect and improve plant adaptations at the molecular level in response to drought and salinity stresses.

Dynamic duos: the building blocks of dimensional mechanics.

Mechanics studies the relationships between space, time, and matter. These relationships can be expressed in terms of the dimensions of length , time , and mass . Each dimension broadens the scope of mechanics.

Reduction of maillard browning in spray dried low-lactose milk powders due to protein polysaccharide interactions.

Lactose hydrolysed concentrated milk was prepared using β-galactosidase enzyme (4.76U/mL) with a reaction period of 12 h at 4 °C. Addition of polysaccharides (5 % maltodextrin/β-cyclodextrin) to concentrated milk either before or after lactose hydrolysis did not result in significant differences (p > 0.

Spatiotemporal mapping of nanotopography and thickness transitions of ultrathin foam films.

Freshly formed soap films, soap bubbles, or foam films display iridescent colors due to thin film interference that changes as squeeze flow drives drainage and a progressive decrease in film thickness. Ultrathin (thickness <100 nm) freestanding films of soft matter containing micelles, particles, polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes, or other supramolecular structures or liquid crystalline phases display drainage stratification. A fascinating array of thickness variations and transitions, including stepwise thinning and coexistence of thick-thin flat regions, arise in micellar foam films that undergo drainage stratification.

Hole transport layer engineering in high performance quasi-2D perovskite blue light emitting diodes.

Quasi-2D perovskites have emerged as highly promising materials for application in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), garnering significant attention due to their outstanding semiconductor properties. These materials boast an inherent multi-quantum well structure that imparts a robust confinement effect, particularly advantageous for blue emission. However, the development of blue emitters utilizing quasi-2D perovskites encounters challenges, notably colour instability, multipeak emission, and suboptimal fluorescence yield.

Occurrence of Depression and its Association with Oral Health in Elderly People Living in Old Age Homes of Mathura.

Introduction: Depression can affect oral health as a result of neglecting oral hygiene procedures which leads to an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease.

Aim: To determine relationship between oral health and depression among elder people residing in old age homes of Mathura city.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted among 500 subjects aged ≥60 years where dental condition, number of missing teeth, removable denture wearing, teeth mobility, periodontal condition, pocket depth, loss of attachment, and depression according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale were assessed.

Long-range electron proton coupling in respiratory complex I - insights from molecular simulations of the quinone chamber and antiporter-like subunits.

Respiratory complex I is a redox-driven proton pump. Several high-resolution structures of complex I have been determined providing important information about the putative proton transfer paths and conformational transitions that may occur during catalysis. However, how redox energy is coupled to the pumping of protons remains unclear.

Development of a thin layer chromatography-based method to detect sorbitol presence in milk and its applicability in formalin preserved milk samples.

Sorbitol has been the new and emerging adulterant in dairy industry. The main aim of the study was to develop a method to detect sorbitol in milk, which is not affected by other sugars, polyols and formalin. Hence, a thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method was standardized to detect the sorbitol in milk.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Training Curriculum for Pediatric Nephrology: PCRRT-ICONIC Group Recommendations.

Key Points: Despite a high need and interest in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in trainees and faculty of Pediatric Nephrology, the majority are not receiving POCUS training. There is a need to establish a structured pediatric nephrology POCUS program for clinicians and fellows. This study suggests a blueprint of POCUS curriculum which can serve as a foundation for POCUS education in pediatric nephrology centers worldwide.

Molecular basis of JAK2 activation in erythropoietin receptor and pathogenic JAK2 signaling.

Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mediates type I/II cytokine receptor signaling, but JAK2 is also activated by somatic mutations that cause hematological malignancies by mechanisms that are still incompletely understood. Quantitative superresolution microscopy (qSMLM) showed that erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) exists as monomers and dimerizes upon Epo stimulation or through the predominant JAK2 pseudokinase domain mutations (V617F, K539L, and R683S). Crystallographic analysis complemented by kinase activity analysis and atomic-level simulations revealed distinct pseudokinase dimer interfaces and activation mechanisms for the mutants: JAK V617F activity is driven by dimerization, K539L involves both increased receptor dimerization and kinase activity, and R683S prevents autoinhibition and increases catalytic activity and drives JAK2 equilibrium toward activation state through a wild-type dimer interface.