Technical considerations in obtaining platelet rich fibrin for clinical and periodontal research.

Autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF), is currently being widely used and investigated across the globe by clinicians and periodontal research. The technical aspect required for the procurement of PRF includes revolution per minute (RPM), relative centrifugal force (RCF) or G-force, rotor radius, rotor angle, stability or vibration in the centrifugal machine and material of test-tube, besides the systemic health of the individual may influence the final outcome. Present technical note intends to compile these aspects for better understanding and appropriate outcome while preparing PRF in varying clinical scenarios.

Quantitative Association of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Hyperacute Serum (HAS) with Glycemic Control (HbA1c) in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: An Ex vivo Study.

Aim: To evaluate correlation of PRF and HAS with glycemic control (HbA1c) and other systemic parameters amongst the chronic periodontitis patients.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven non-smoker, non-tobacco users, non-alcoholic moderate chronic periodontitis volunteers (Stage II, Grade A or B), aging between 40 and 50 years of both genders with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, HbA1c >6.5%) or without T2DM (HbA1c <6.

Evaluation of low-level laser therapy and platelet-rich fibrin on donor site healing after vascularized interpositional periosteal connective tissue flap: a randomized clinical study.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on donor site healing after vascularized interpositional periosteal connective tissue (VIP-CT) flap.

Materials And Methods: For the present clinical study, the selected patients requiring VIP-CT flap were randomly assigned into either of the two treatment groups (VIP-CT/PRF and VIP-CT/LLLT). For VIP-CT/PRF, palatal donor site treated with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF, n = 15) after harvesting VIP-CT flap; and for VIP-CT/LLLT, palatal donor site treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT, n = 16) after harvesting VIP-CT flap.

Markers, Pathways, and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of the present paper is to provide a narrative review of the markers and pathways of periodontitis-associated insulin resistance (IR).

Materials And Methods: Research papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals from 2000 to 2021 were searched systematically in Online Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and MedLine/PubMed database. The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms used for literature search were "diabetes AND periodontal disease," "diabetes AND periodontitis," "inflammation AND insulin resistance," "Insulin resistance AND periodontal disease," and "insulin resistance AND periodontitis.

Comparative Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Fibrin versus Connective Tissue Grafting in Treatment of Gingival Recession Using Pouch and Tunnel Technique: A Randomized Clinical Study.

Aims: The aim of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and connective tissue grafting in the treatment of gingival recession (GR) using pouch and tunnel (P and T) technique.

Materials And Methods: A total of 40 Class I or Class II GR defects in 17 patients were randomized treated with P and T with PRF (Group I, = 20) and P and T with CTG (Group II, = 20). The parameters measured were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), horizontal gingival recession (HGR), vertical gingival recession (VGR), width of attached gingiva (WAG), width of keratinised gingiva (WKG), gingival thickness-mid buccal (GTMB), and gingival thickness interdental papilla (GTIP).

Knowledge of COVID-19 and its implications in dental treatment, and practices of personal protective equipment among dentists: A survey-based assessment.

Background: Oral health-care providers are always at a risk of transmitting or acquiring airborne, saliva-borne, or blood-borne infections due to their proximity to the patient's mouth, contact with saliva, and handling of sharp instruments. the aim this study was to evaluate the knowledge of the dentists regarding COVID-19, methods to prevent its transmission, and implications of COVID-19 in dental treatment.

Materials And Methods: It was a cross-sectional online survey.

Comparative evaluation of improvement in periodontal and glycemic health status of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after scaling and root planing with or without adjunctive use of diode laser.

Background: Periodontal treatment in diabetic patients reduces systemic inflammatory burden and hence should be closely coordinated with the patient's overall clinical diabetic management.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of diode laser (DL) (Biolase Epic, 940 nm, Irvine, CA, USA) as an adjunct to scaling root and planing (SRP) on periodontal health and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients suffering from generalized chronic periodontitis (CP), currently, stage II or above/grade B or C periodontitis.

Materials And Methodology: After initial screening of 55 T2DM patients, a total of 44 T2DM-CP patients (between the age group of 30 and 65 years) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups.

Efficacy of Platelet-rich Fibrin in Interdental Papilla Reconstruction as Compared to Connective Tissue Using Microsurgical Approach.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and autogenous connective tissue graft (CTG) in interdental papilla (IDP) reconstruction with buccal and palatal split-thickness flap (STF) using microsurgical technique.

Materials And Methods: Forty Class I or Class II open gingival or cervical embrasure in maxillary anterior region in 14 patients were surgical treated for the reconstruction of IDP. For experimental Group I (STF with PRF, = 20), surgical site was flushed with PRF fluid.

Prevalence of Periodontal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients of North India.

Materials And Methods: A total of 500 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were initially given a health questionnaire to gather information regarding their demographic characteristics, attitude for oral hygiene, and disease status. Based on eligibility 427 patients were finally recruited for statistical analysis.

Evaluation of peri-implant tissues around nanopore surface implants with or without platelet rich fibrin: a clinico-radiographic study.

Objective: To comparatively evaluate peri-implant tissue changes around the nano-pore implant surface with or without platelet rich fibrin (PRF).

Material And Methods: For the present study, a total of 17 patients was initially enrolled (6 females, 11 males), and 38 sites (19 control and 19 experimental sites) were randomly assigned to either group 1 (control), i.e.

Patient-centered Microsurgical Management of Gingival Recession using Coronally Advanced Flap with Either Platelet-rich Fibrin or Connective Tissue Graft: A Comparative Analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and autogenous connective tissue graft (CTG) in gingival recession defects in conjunction with coronally advanced flap (CAF) using a microsurgical technique.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five Class I and II recession defects were randomly equally ( = 15) divided into three groups: Group I sites treated with CAF with PRF, Group II sites treated with CAF with CTG, and Group III sites treated with CAF alone using microsurgical approach. Parameters recorded were vertical gingival recession (VGR) and horizontal gingival recession (HGR), % complete root coverage (CRC), patient comfort score (PCS), patient esthetic score (PES), and hypersensitivity score (HS) at 10 days, 3 months, and 6 months.

Comparative evaluation of platelet-rich fibrin versus beta-tri-calcium phosphate in the treatment of Grade II mandibular furcation defects using cone-beam computed tomography.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) versus β-tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) in the treatment of Grade II mandibular furcation defects.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five Grade II furcation defect in mandibular molars which were assigned to open flap debridement (OFD) with PRF Group I ( = 15), to OFD with β-TCP Group II ( = 15), and to OFD alone Group III ( = 15) were analyzed for clinical parameters (probing pocket depth [PPD], vertical clinical attachment level [VCAL], horizontal clinical attachment level [HCAL], gingival recession, relative vertical height of furcation [r-VHF], and relative horizontal depth of furcation [r-HDF]) and radiographical parameters (horizontal depth of furcation [H-DOF], vertical height of furcation [V-HOF]) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 6 months interval.

Results: For clinical parameters, reduction in PPD and gain in VCAL and HCAL were higher in Group II as compared to Group I.

Socket preservation by beta-tri-calcium phosphate with collagen compared to platelet-rich fibrin: A clinico-radiographic study.

Objectives: This study was primarily designed to determine the clinico-radiographic efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and beta-tri-calcium phosphate with collagen (β-TCP-Cl) in preserving extraction sockets.

Materials And Methods: For Group I (PRF), residual sockets (n = 15) were filled with autologous PRF obtained from patients' blood; and for Group II (β-TCP-Cl), residual sockets (n = 15) were filled with β-TCP-Cl. For the sockets randomly selected for Group II (β-TCP-Cl), the reshaped Resorbable Tissue Replacement cone was inserted into the socket.

Patient-centered evaluation of microsurgical management of gingival recession using coronally advanced flap with platelet-rich fibrin or amnion membrane: A comparative analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedure under microsurgical approach for the management of Miller's Class I and II gingival recession defects with the use of either platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or amnion membrane (AM) in comparison to CAF alone.

Materials And Methods: A total of 45 sites with Miller's Class I or II gingival recession defect were randomly distributed for: Experimental Group I (CAF with PRF) sites (n = 15) which were treated with the microsurgical approach using CAF along with PRF; experimental Group II (CAF with AM) sites (n = 15) were treated with the microsurgical approach using CAF along with AM; control Group III (CAF alone) sites (n = 15) were treated with the microsurgical approach using CAF alone. Vertical gingival recession (VGR), horizontal gingival recession (HGR), gingival thickness (GT) (using transgingival probing [TGP] and ultrasonography [USG]) and patients' response and acceptance were documented at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after surgical interventions.

The antioxidant master glutathione and periodontal health.

Glutathione, considered to be the master antioxidant (AO), is the most-important redox regulator that controls inflammatory processes, and thus damage to the periodontium. Periodontitis patients have reduced total AO capacity in whole saliva, and lower concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) in serum and gingival crevicular fluid, and periodontal therapy restores the redox balance. Therapeutic considerations for the adjunctive use of glutathione in management of periodontitis, in limiting the tissue damage associated with oxidative stress, and enhancing wound healing cannot be underestimated, but need to be evaluated further through multi-centered randomized controlled trials.

Evaluation of intrabony defects treated with platelet-rich fibrin or autogenous bone graft: A comparative analysis.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to compare clinically and radiographically the efficacy of autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and autogenous bone graft (ABG) obtained using bone scrapper in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight intrabony defects (IBDs) were treated with either open flap debridement (OFD) with PRF or OFD with ABG. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and 6 months postoperatively.

Efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin vs. enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a clinical and cone beam computed tomography study.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) with enamel matrix derivative (EMD; Emdogain) in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis, six months after surgery.

Methods: Forty-four (44) intrabony defects in 30 patients (15 males) were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: EMD (n = 22) and PRF (n = 22). Measurement of the defects was done using clinical and cone beam computed tomography at baseline and 6 months.

Impact of scaling and root planing on C-reactive protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum in chronic periodontitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-CP) or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (NDM-CP).

Methods: Forty-eight human participants were divided into two groups: an experimental (T2DM-CP) group (group I, n=24) comprising chronic periodontitis patients with random blood sugar ≥200 mg/dL and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and control (NDM-CP) group (group II, n=24) of those with chronic periodontitis and random blood sugar <200 without T2DM for the study. All subjects underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) including complete SRP and subgingival debridement.

Therapeutic potential of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative medicine: An overview.

The purpose of this review is to gain an overview of the applications of the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in the treatment of various medical diseases. Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate and regenerate into various tissues. DPSCs are the adult stem cells that reside in the cell rich zone of the dental pulp.

Clinical and cone beam computed tomography comparison of NovaBone Dental Putty and PerioGlas in the treatment of mandibular Class II furcations.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the putty form of bioactive glass (NovaBone Dental Putty) and particulate form (PerioGlas) in the resolution of Class II furcation defects.

Background: Use of bone regeneration materials is becoming common in periodontal surgeries including furcation defects and the promising role of bioactive allograft materials has encouraged their presentation in different morphologic forms with their own advantages and disadvantages giving the operator ample of choices in his/her periodontal armamentarium.

Materials And Methods: A total of 28 patients with 40 Class II furcation defects were enrolled in the study and were randomly allocated to two groups with 20 sites in each group.

Proposal for clinical classification of multifactorial noncarious cervical lesions.

Noncarious cervical lesions often present with overlapping symptoms and have a multifactorial etiology. The dimensions of the lesion axially (depth) and occlusogingivally (width), along with the orientation of the walls of the lesion to each other (angle), are the 3 factors that can be quantified to classify the lesion and assess its progress over time. This article analyzes these factors and proposes a simple classification system based upon the clinical appearance of the lesion in order to derive simple, therapeutic, treatment-based classifications.